Computer Fundamentals and Applications

(d) None of the above

System software, application software and utility software are all types of software. Hence, none of the given options is “not a type of software.”

Hardware

Hardware is the physical, tangible part of a computer (CPU, keyboard, monitor, etc.), not software. System software, application software and utility software are all categories of software.

(c) Multimedia presentation

A multimedia presentation combines multiple media elements — text, sound, graphics, photos and videos — into a single presentation, whereas data, tutorials and games do not by definition integrate all these forms.

(a) Footer

A footer is the area at the bottom margin of a page, and text placed in it appears on all pages (or selected pages) of the document.

Computer Based Test

CBT is the abbreviation for Computer Based Test, i.e. an examination conducted on a computer.

Malware

Malware (short for malicious software) is any program or file designed to harm, disrupt, or gain unauthorized access to a computer system — for example viruses, worms, trojans and ransomware. Firmware is legitimate built-in software stored on hardware, and "malicious ware" is not a standard term.

Character

In Excel, the commonly recognized data types/categories are Number, Label (text), and Date/Time. "Character" is not a valid Excel data type; text entries are referred to as Labels.

Operating system

An operating system is system software that manages hardware and provides a platform for other programs to run. Word processors, spreadsheets and databases are application software, as they are designed to perform specific user tasks.

Graphical User Interface

GUI stands for Graphical User Interface — the visual way of interacting with a computer using windows, icons, menus and a pointer, instead of typing text commands.

(A) CPU

The CPU (Central Processing Unit) is called the brain of the computer because it performs all processing, calculations, and control operations by executing instructions.

RAM

RAM (Random Access Memory) is volatile memory — its contents are lost as soon as the power is switched off. ROM, hard disks and flash drives are non-volatile, as they retain data even without power.

Hyper Text Markup Language

HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language — it is the standard markup language used to create and structure web pages.

MS Word

MS Word is an application (word-processing) software used to create and edit documents, whereas Windows, Linux and Mac OS are operating systems that manage hardware and run application programs.

Uniform Resource Locator

URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator — it is the address used to locate a resource (web page, image, file) on the internet.

HTML

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is a markup language used to structure and present content on web pages. It has no variables, loops, conditionals or logic of its own, so it cannot be used to write programs. Python, Java and C++ are all general-purpose programming languages.

Portable Document Format

PDF stands for Portable Document Format, a file format developed by Adobe for presenting documents independently of software, hardware, and operating system.

Windows

Windows is an operating system, not a web browser. Chrome, Firefox and Safari are all web browsers.

Internet Service Provider

ISP stands for Internet Service Provider — a company or organisation that provides individuals and businesses with access to the internet.

Facebook

A search engine is a tool that searches and indexes information on the internet (Google, Yahoo and Bing all do this). Facebook is a social networking site, not a search engine.

Local Area Network

LAN stands for Local Area Network — a computer network that connects devices within a small, limited area such as a single room, building, or campus.

None of the listed options is correct.

Star, Ring, Bus and Tree are all standard network topologies, so none of them is the exception. The question as printed has no valid answer.

Wide Area Network

WAN stands for Wide Area Network — a network that spans a large geographical area such as a country or the whole world, connecting multiple LANs.

Monitor

A monitor is an output device — it displays processed results to the user. Keyboard, mouse and scanner all feed data into the computer, so they are input devices.

Read Only Memory

ROM stands for Read Only Memory — a type of non-volatile computer memory whose contents can normally only be read, not modified, and which retains data even when the power is switched off.

Keyboard

A keyboard is an input device — it sends data into the computer. Printer, monitor and speaker all receive data from the computer and present it to the user, so they are output devices.

Universal Serial Bus

USB stands for Universal Serial Bus, a standard interface used to connect devices such as keyboards, mice, printers, and flash drives to a computer.

RAM

RAM (Random Access Memory) is the main memory of a computer — it temporarily holds data and instructions while the computer is running, and its contents are lost when the power goes off. Hard disk, pen drive and DVD are all storage devices that retain data permanently.

Operating System

OS stands for Operating System — the system software that manages computer hardware and provides services for running application programs.