Computer Fundamentals

(a) Charles Babbage

Charles Babbage is regarded as the father of the computer because he designed the Analytical Engine (1837), the first mechanical general-purpose programmable computing machine, which introduced the core ideas of a stored program, memory and a separate processing unit used by modern computers.

(a) MySQL

MySQL is a relational database management system (DBMS) used to create, store, and manage databases. MS-Excel is a spreadsheet program, MS-Word is a word processor, and MS-Outlook is an email client.

(b) Liquid Cristal Display

LCD stands for Liquid Crystal Display — a flat-panel display technology that uses liquid crystals whose light-transmitting properties change when an electric current is applied. (Note: the standard spelling is "Crystal"; option (b) is the intended correct choice despite the typo.)

(c) Monitor

A monitor is an output device because it displays processed information to the user. Mouse, scanner, and keyboard are input devices used to enter data into a computer.

(a) Charles Babbage

Charles Babbage (1791–1871) is called the father of the computer because he designed the Difference Engine and the Analytical Engine — the first machines to use the ideas of a stored program, memory and automatic calculation. Ada Lovelace is regarded as the first computer programmer, Bill Gates co-founded Microsoft, and John Napier invented logarithms and Napier's bones.

(a) Charles Babbage

Babbage designed the Analytical Engine, the first concept of a general-purpose mechanical computer, and is called the Father of Computer.

(d) Mass Storage

An SSD (Solid State Drive) is a secondary, mass storage device. RAM, ROM and cache are primary memory.

(a) OCR

Optical Character Recognition (a scanner-based reader) is an input device. A plotter, monitor and printer are output devices.

(c) Operating System

OS stands for Operating System, the software that manages computer hardware and resources.

(c) 8

One byte equals 8 bits.

(c) sort

Sorting arranges data in numerical or alphabetical order.

(c) CDROM

CD-ROM is a storage medium. WWW, e-mail and HTTP are all services or protocols of the internet.

(b) Artificial Intelligence

AI stands for Artificial Intelligence, the simulation of human intelligence by machines.

(b) Tim Cook

Tim Cook succeeded Steve Jobs as CEO of Apple in 2011.

(a) portable document format PDF stands for Portable Document Format, developed by Adobe.

(c) keyboard

The CPU consists of the ALU, the control unit and registers (the processor). A keyboard is an input device, and memory is accessed by the CPU rather than being part of it.

(b) Abacus

The abacus (about 2500 BC) is the earliest known counting and calculating device. Napier's bones, the slide rule and the difference engine all came much later.

(c) World Wide Web

WWW is the system of interlinked hypertext pages accessed over the Internet.

(c) Printer

A printer is an output device. Mouse, light pen and scanner all feed data into the computer.

(c) HTML

HTML is the standard markup language used to build web pages and is the basic technology of web development.

(a) Uniform Resource Locator

A URL is the address used to locate a resource on the internet, for example a web page.