General Awareness and General Knowledge

(b) Bagmati

The Trishuli, Kali Gandaki and Koshi are all snow-fed rivers originating from the Himalayas (glaciers/permanent snow), whereas the Bagmati originates from the mid-hill region (Shivapuri hills, north of Kathmandu) and is a rain-fed river, not a Himalayan river.

(b) Bagmati

The Karnali, Kali Gandaki and Koshi all originate from snow-fed glaciers in the high Himalayas, so they are Himalayan (snow-fed) rivers. The Bagmati rises from the mid-hills near Shivapuri, north of Kathmandu, and is a rain-fed river, so it is not a Himalayan river.

(c) Abacus

The abacus is considered the first known computing device, used for counting and basic arithmetic calculations long before modern computers.

(b) Stock exchange

A bull is a trader who expects share prices to rise and buys in the hope of profit, while a bear expects prices to fall and sells. Both terms are used in the stock market, not in parliamentary affairs, bull fights or racing.

(c) Protest

A black flag is universally used as a symbol of protest, defiance or mourning — for example, protesters carry black flags to show anger against a government or authority. (A white flag, by contrast, signifies truce or surrender.)

(a) Kathmandu

The permanent secretariat of SAARC was established in Kathmandu, Nepal, in 1987.

(b) Max Weber

Max Weber, the German sociologist, developed the theory and principles of bureaucracy — describing it as the most rational and efficient form of organisation based on hierarchy, rules, division of labour and impersonal relations.

(b) Nazi party

Hitler's party was the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP), commonly known as the Nazi Party. It came to power in Germany in 1933.

(b) An insect

Silverfish (Lepisma saccharinum) is a small, wingless, silvery-grey insect of the order Thysanura that feeds on starch and paper — despite its name, it is not a fish.

(c) Neptune

Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun and has an average temperature of about −214 °C, making it the coldest planet in the solar system. (Uranus has a lower recorded minimum, but Neptune's average temperature is the lowest.)

(c) Neptune

Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun and has the lowest average temperature in the solar system, about −214 °C. (Uranus is also extremely cold, but Neptune is colder.)

(b) Pakistan

The Hindu Kush is a mountain range running mainly through Afghanistan and northern Pakistan. It extends south-west from the Pamir Knot, which lies to its north-east. It does not pass through Nepal (which has the Himalaya), India or Indonesia.

(b) Pakistan

The Hindukush range lies mainly in Afghanistan and northern Pakistan, extending from the Pamir Knot towards the west-southwest.

(b) An insect

Silverfish (Lepisma saccharinum) is a small, wingless, silvery-grey insect of the order Zygentoma. It is not a fish at all — the name comes from its fish-like shape and shimmering scales, and it is commonly found in damp, dark places feeding on paper and starch.

(c) Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells that binds oxygen in the lungs and carries it to the tissues. Keratin and collagen are structural proteins, and platelets help in blood clotting, not oxygen transport.

(b) Nelson Mandela

"Long Walk to Freedom" is the autobiography of Nelson Mandela, published in 1994. It recounts his early life, his 27 years in prison, and his role in ending apartheid in South Africa.

(c) Moves up to the right

A positive linear relationship means that as the value on the horizontal axis increases, the value on the vertical axis also increases, so the line rises from left to right.

(b) Gulmi

Gulmi district is known as the coffee capital of Nepal and is the country's largest coffee-producing district, followed by Palpa, Arghakhanchi and Ilam. Ilam is famous mainly for tea rather than coffee.

(a) Geneva

The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) both have their headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland.

(d) Higher Education

Tertiary education is the third stage of education, following primary and secondary schooling, and refers to university-level or college-level study — i.e. higher education.

(c) Excise duty

Excise duty is levied by the government on the production (manufacture) of goods within the country, whereas custom duty applies to imports/exports, sales tax on sale, and income tax on income.

(a) 4

Polo is played between two teams of 4 players each (mounted on horses).

(a) Dr. No

Dr. No, released in 1962 with Sean Connery as James Bond, was the first film in the James Bond series. From Russia with Love (1963) and Thunderball (1965) came later, and Star Wars is an unrelated science-fiction film.

(c) Switzerland

Nestlé is a Swiss multinational food and drink company, headquartered in Vevey, Switzerland. It was founded in 1866 by Henri Nestlé.

(b) Nile

The Nile, at about 6,650 km, is conventionally regarded as the longest river in the world, flowing through northeastern Africa. (The Amazon is the largest by volume and discharge, and some recent measurements argue it may be longer, but the standard textbook answer is the Nile.)

(b) Mugu

Rara Lake, the largest lake in Nepal, lies in Mugu district in Karnali Province, inside Rara National Park.

(c) Value added tax

VAT stands for Value Added Tax — a consumption tax levied on the value added at each stage of production and distribution. In Nepal it is charged at 13%.

(b) Ganesh Man Singh

Ganesh Man Singh (1915–1997) is popularly known as the "Iron Man of Nepal" for his fearless leadership of the 1990 Jana Andolan (People's Movement) that restored democracy.

(b) WTO

GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade), formed in 1948, was replaced by the World Trade Organization (WTO) on 1 January 1995 after the Uruguay Round of negotiations. So GATT still lives on in the name of the WTO.

(b) 6.1 kg

The FIFA World Cup trophy is made of 18-carat gold, stands about 36.8 cm tall, and weighs 6.1 kg.

(a) Cuba

Cuba has traditionally been called the "sugar bowl of the world" because of its huge sugarcane production and sugar exports.

(b) 5

Swargadwari, a famous religious site dedicated to Lord Shiva, lies in Pyuthan district, which falls under Lumbini Province (formerly Province No. 5).

(c) Five

The Olympic flag has five interlocking rings (blue, yellow, black, green and red) representing the five inhabited continents.

(b) Hockey

A penalty corner is awarded in field hockey when a defender commits a foul inside the shooting circle or intentionally plays the ball over the backline. It is taken from the backline, 9.14 m from the goalpost.

(d) Countries around Bay of Bengal

BIMSTEC stands for Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation, and its members are the seven countries lying around the Bay of Bengal — Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Nepal and Bhutan. It is therefore neither a SAARC nor an ASEAN body, but a bridge between South Asia and Southeast Asia.

(b) Milk

Milk is rich in vitamin A, D, B12, calcium and protein, but it contains only traces of vitamin C. Cabbage, broccoli and mango are all well-known sources of vitamin C.

(d) Painting

The Mona Lisa is a famous portrait painting by Leonardo da Vinci, celebrated for its subject's enigmatic smile.

(a) Darchula

Darchula is the only district of Nepal that shares its border with both India (in the south-west) and China/Tibet (in the north).

(c) 1912

The RMS Titanic struck an iceberg on the night of 14 April 1912 and sank in the early hours of 15 April 1912.

(a) Current ratio

The current ratio compares current assets with current liabilities and shows whether a firm's short-term assets are enough to meet its short-term debts. The acid test ratio is a stricter version of the same test, but the general indication of short-term debt-paying ability is given by the current ratio.

(c) Fast Moving Consumer Goods

FMCG stands for Fast Moving Consumer Goods — low-cost, everyday products such as soap, toothpaste, biscuits, tea and shampoo that sell quickly and are repurchased frequently.

(b) Insect

Entomology is the branch of zoology that deals with the scientific study of insects.

(c) Japan

The Nikkei (Nikkei 225) is the flagship stock market index of the Tokyo Stock Exchange in Japan.

(a) Cabbage

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) belongs to the cabbage family (Brassicaceae, also called the mustard or crucifer family). Cabbage, cauliflower, kale and Brussels sprouts are all varieties of the same species, so "cabbage family" is the correct grouping here.

(d) Danish

People from Denmark are called Danes (the people) and their language/nationality adjective is Danish.

(a) Knee

The patella is the kneecap — the small triangular bone that sits in front of the knee joint and protects it.

(b) Tea

Tea is grown mainly for sale and export, so it is a cash crop. Paddy, maize and wheat are food grains grown mainly for local consumption.

(c) Valmiki

The Ramayan was composed by the sage Valmiki in Sanskrit. He is known as the Adi Kavi (first poet). The epic is traditionally called the Valmiki Ramayan after its author; the title Ramayan means the story/journey of Rama.

(b) China

Sinology (from Latin Sinae, meaning China) is the academic study of Chinese language, history, culture and civilisation, so a sinologist studies China.

(b) Leo Tolstoy

"War and Peace" is a famous historical novel written by the Russian author Leo Tolstoy.

(c) Amnesty International

Amnesty International was founded in 1961 by the British lawyer Peter Benenson and was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1977 for its campaign against torture and political imprisonment.

(b) To give something free-of-cost

"Gratis" is a Latin-derived word meaning "free of charge" or "without payment" — something given at no cost. It is often confused with "gratitude" (thankfulness), but the two have different roots in meaning.

(a) Hypertext transfer protocol

HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) is the application-layer protocol used by web browsers and servers to exchange web pages and other resources over the internet.

(d) Stumpy

Mark Taylor was famously nicknamed “Tubby”, “Stodge”, and “Helium Bat”, but “Stumpy” was not one of his nicknames.

(d) 5

A basketball team fields 5 players on the court at a time.

(c) 1st May

International Workers' Day (also called Labour Day or May Day) is observed every year on 1st May.

(c) World cancer day

World Cancer Day is observed on 4 February every year (the question's date is a misprint for 4 February). The other days fall elsewhere: World Thinking Day — 22 February, World Radio Day — 13 February, World Wildlife Day — 3 March.

(c) Insects

Entomology is the branch of zoology that deals with the scientific study of insects — their structure, classification, behaviour, ecology and economic importance.

(a) Japan

Yokohama and Kobe are major port cities in Japan, and both are well-known centres of the Japanese shipbuilding industry.

(a) Podzolization

Podzolization is the process in which organic acids leach out iron and aluminium oxides from the upper soil layers, leaving behind a whitish-grey subsurface layer (the A₂ horizon) composed mainly of silica. Calcification forms a calcium carbonate layer, laterization leaves iron and aluminium rich red soil, and gleization produces bluish-grey waterlogged soil.

(c) ASEAN

ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) is an independent regional organisation, whereas ILO and WHO are specialised agencies of the United Nations.

(b) Flyback

A flyback transformer (also called a line output transformer) steps up the low voltage from the TV's horizontal deflection circuit to the high voltage (around 15–20 kV) needed to accelerate the electron beam in the picture tube. A Tesla coil and Van de Graaff generator are laboratory high-voltage devices, while the yoke is the coil that deflects the electron beam, not one that generates the high voltage.

(d) Kathmandu

The SAARC Secretariat, the permanent body that coordinates and monitors the implementation of SAARC programmes and activities, is located in Kathmandu, Nepal. It was established in 1987 and is headed by the Secretary-General.

(b) Stock exchange

A "bull" is an investor who expects prices to rise (a bull market), while a "bear" expects prices to fall (a bear market); both terms are used in the stock exchange.

(b) Wakeman brothers

The bulldozer was invented by the Wakeman brothers in 1923 — they fitted a steel blade to a crawler tractor to push earth, giving the machine its modern form.

(a) Tarsal

The tarsal region is the ankle/foot area, which forms the lowest part of the human body. Carpal is the wrist (upper limb), and the head is the highest part.

(d) Marie Curie

Marie Curie discovered the radioactive elements polonium and radium in 1898 while working with her husband Pierre Curie; she won Nobel Prizes in both Physics (1903) and Chemistry (1911).

(c) Dr. Ram Baran Yadav

Nepal was declared a federal democratic republic in 2008, and Dr. Ram Baran Yadav became its first President, serving from 23 July 2008 to 29 October 2015. (Bidhya Bhandari was the second President and the first woman to hold the office.)

(e) All of the above

Washing soda (Na₂CO₃·10H₂O), baking soda (NaHCO₃), kitchen salt (NaCl) and chalk powder (CaCO₃) are all definite chemical compounds with fixed composition — each is a chemical substance, so all four show the chemical nature of matter.

(a) They behave more patiently with children

Primary-level teaching demands patience, warmth and the ability to handle young children gently and consistently. The other options are either economic or social assumptions (low salary, low qualification, lack of other opportunities) and do not describe a teaching quality at all.

(a) 1971

Ray Tomlinson sent the first network e-mail in 1971 on ARPANET, using the @ symbol to separate the user name from the host computer name.

(a) Superscript

Bold, Regular and Italic are font styles (along with Bold Italic) available in the Font Style box. Superscript is a font effect (like subscript, strikethrough or shadow), not a font style.

(a) Creeper

Creeper, written by Bob Thomas in 1971, is regarded as the first computer virus. It spread through ARPANET and displayed the message "I'm the creeper, catch me if you can!" Melissa (1999), Blaster (2003) and Sasser (2004) are much later malware.

(a) Nerve cell

The nerve cell (neuron) is the longest cell in the human body, with its axon extending up to about a metre in the leg nerves. Among the given options it is the largest cell.

(b) Liver

The liver is the largest gland in the human body, weighing about 1.5 kg in an adult. It secretes bile and performs many metabolic functions. (The pancreas is the second largest gland.)

(b) Skin

The skin is the largest organ of the human body, covering the entire body surface with an area of about 1.5–2 m² in adults. The liver is the largest internal (glandular) organ, but the skin is the largest organ overall.

(a) Cerebrum

The cerebrum is the largest part of the human brain, forming about 80–85% of its total mass. It is divided into two hemispheres and is responsible for intelligence, memory, reasoning, and voluntary movement.

(a) Aorta

The aorta is the largest artery in the human body. It arises from the left ventricle of the heart and carries oxygenated blood to all parts of the body through the systemic circulation.

(b) Inferior vena cava

The inferior vena cava is the largest vein in the human body. It carries deoxygenated blood from the lower half of the body (legs, abdomen, pelvis) back to the right atrium of the heart. The superior vena cava is the second largest, bringing blood from the head, neck and upper limbs.

(a) Femur

The femur (thigh bone) is the longest and largest bone in the human body, running from the hip to the knee. The tibia is the largest bone of the lower leg, while the fibula and humerus are smaller.

(a) Gluteus maximus

The gluteus maximus, in the buttocks, is the largest (bulkiest) muscle in the human body. The longest muscle is the sartorius and the strongest is the masseter.

(a) Sciatic nerve

The sciatic nerve is the thickest and longest nerve in the human body. It arises from the lumbosacral plexus (L4–S3) and runs from the lower back down the back of each leg.

(d) Skin

Skin is the largest organ of the human body, covering the entire outer surface with an area of about 1.5–2 m² in adults. The head, torso and limbs are regions of the body, not single organs.

(d) Skin

The skin is the largest sense organ in the human body — it covers the entire body surface and contains receptors for touch, pressure, temperature and pain. The eye, ear and nose are much smaller sense organs.

(a) Liver

The liver is the largest gland in the human body and the largest digestive gland. It secretes bile, which helps in the digestion and absorption of fats. The pancreas is the second largest digestive gland.

(a) Nucleus

The nucleus is the largest membrane-bound organelle in a human cell (typically 5–10 µm in diameter), containing the genetic material. Mitochondria, ribosomes and the Golgi apparatus are all smaller.

(b) Solukhumbu

Solukhumbu district contains the highest number of 8,000 m-plus peaks in Nepal — three of them: Sagarmatha (8,848 m), Lhotse (8,516 m) and Cho Oyu (8,188 m). By comparison, Myagdi has two (Dhaulagiri I and Annapurna I), Sankhuwasabha has one (Makalu), and Taplejung has one (Kangchenjunga).

(c) 1975

Junko Tabei of Japan became the first woman to reach the summit of Mt. Everest on 16 May 1975. (Option (b) 1953 is the year Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay Sherpa first climbed Everest.)

(b) 1975 England

The first ICC Cricket World Cup (then called the Prudential Cup) was held in June 1975 in England, with the West Indies beating Australia in the final at Lord's.

(a) Stem

Turmeric is obtained from the underground rhizome of the plant Curcuma longa, and a rhizome is a modified underground stem (not a root), which is why it is grouped with ginger as a stem product.

(c) Peter Paul

Marconi is associated with the radio (wireless telegraphy) and James Watt with the steam engine, while "January 1" is a date, not a name. By elimination, Peter Paul is the name linked to aircraft in this set.

(a) June 5

World Environment Day is celebrated every year on 5 June, the date on which the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment was opened in Stockholm in 1972.

(a) June 21

June 21 is the summer solstice in the Northern Hemisphere, when the North Pole is tilted most towards the Sun. This gives the longest day and shortest night of the year in the Northern Hemisphere.

(c) Metamorphic rock

Marble is a metamorphic rock formed when limestone (a sedimentary rock) is subjected to intense heat and pressure.

(c) A document published by government giving facts

A white paper is an authoritative, detailed report issued by a government (or an organisation) that explains its policy, proposals or findings on a particular issue. It is not a type of stationery or packing material.

(d) Aristotle

Aristotle was the Greek philosopher who tutored Alexander the Great from about 343 BCE, teaching him philosophy, politics and science. Plato and Socrates were earlier philosophers (Socrates taught Plato, Plato taught Aristotle), so they were not Alexander's guru.

(c) Dermatologist

A dermatologist is a medical specialist who diagnoses and treats diseases of the skin, hair and nails. An endocrinologist deals with hormones and glands, a gerontologist with ageing and the elderly, and a gynaecologist with the female reproductive system.

(c) Nokia

Nokia is named after the Nokianvirta river (a branch of the Kokemäenjoki river) in Finland, near the town of Nokia where the company was founded.

(a) A

Mother (O) is $ii$, so the son always receives $i$ from her. A father of group A is $I^AI^A$ or $I^Ai$. If he passes on $I^A$ the son is $I^Ai$ (group A); if the father is heterozygous and passes on $i$, the son is $ii$ (group O). Groups B and AB are impossible because neither parent carries $I^B$. Option (a) A is the answer expected for the standard case, where the father is $I^AI^A$.

(d) Cholera-Bacteria

Cholera is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. The other pairs are wrongly matched: malaria is caused by a protozoan (Plasmodium), ringworm by fungi, and the common cold by a virus (rhinovirus).

(a) Vitamin D to the body

Sunlight (specifically UVB rays) reacts with cholesterol in the skin to synthesise Vitamin D, which is essential for calcium absorption and bone health.

(c) 9 articles

The Treaty of Sugauli was signed between Nepal and the British East India Company on 2 December 1815 (ratified on 4 March 1816), and it contained 9 articles, under which Nepal ceded territory and accepted a British resident in Kathmandu.

(b) Ear

The stapes, in the middle ear, is the smallest bone in the human body (about 3 mm long).

(d) 5 hour 45 min

Nepal Standard Time is UTC + 5:45. Taking European standard time as the Greenwich/UTC reference, Nepal is 5 hours 45 minutes ahead. (Central European Time, UTC+1, would give 4 h 45 min, which is not offered.)

(d) Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat

SWOT is a strategic planning tool used to assess an organisation's internal Strengths and Weaknesses and its external Opportunities and Threats.

(a) Beta

Beta measures the systematic (market) risk of a stock relative to the market. Standard deviation (or variance) measures total risk, which includes both systematic and unsystematic risk.

(b) 1984

The first 4-D film is generally taken to be The Sensorium, made in 1984 (it premiered in 1985 at the Six Flags Power Plant in Baltimore, USA). It added physical effects such as seat motion and smell to the 3-D image.

(b) 29

Jung Bahadur Rana was born on 18 June 1817 and became Prime Minister in September 1846 after the Kot massacre, which made him about 29 years old at the time.

(c) 169

The 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia saw 169 goals scored across 64 matches, at an average of about 2.64 goals per game.

(a) Luxembourg

According to World Bank data, Luxembourg had the world's highest per capita income (GDP per capita) in 2017 — roughly US$1,05,000 — well above Switzerland, Japan or Australia. Its tiny population and huge financial-services sector keep its per capita figure at the top of global rankings.

(a) Archery

Bhutan's national sport is archery (datse), played with traditional bamboo bows and arrows; it is the country's most popular sport and is played at festivals and official events nationwide.

(d) None of the given options

America (USA), India and Japan all have written constitutions — the USA's is the oldest written constitution in the world (1787), India's came into force in 1950, and Japan's in 1947. A country without a written constitution would be one like the United Kingdom, which is not listed here.

None of the given options is correct. The steam engine was invented by Thomas Newcomen (1712), and James Watt later made the crucial improvements (1769) that made it practical and efficient. Charles Babbage designed the Analytical Engine, Edison invented the phonograph and practical light bulb, Faraday discovered electromagnetic induction, and Tesla developed the AC induction motor — none of them invented the steam engine.

(d) Chhandi Raj Dhakal

This is the key for the period when the question was set. The FNCCI presidency is a fixed-term post, so "current" depends on the year; the post changes hands every few years, and the latest holder should be checked on the FNCCI website.

(b) 1768

Prithvi Narayan Shah conquered Kantipur (Kathmandu) in 1825 BS, i.e. 1768 AD — the same year he took Lalitpur, with Bhaktapur falling the following year (1769).

(d) Arun valley

The Arun Valley in eastern Nepal, lying between the peaks of the Everest and Makalu ranges, is regarded as the world's deepest valley.

(a) Gunkamdev

Indra Jatra (Yenya) of Kathmandu is traditionally believed to have been started by King Gunkamdev, the founder of Kathmandu city, in the 10th century.

(d) Jakarta

The 18th Asian Games (2018) were held in Jakarta and Palembang, Indonesia.

(c) Hurricane

A hurricane corresponds to Beaufort scale 12, with sustained wind speeds of about (118\ \text{km/h}) or more. This exceeds a strong storm/storm (about (89–102\ \text{km/h})), a strong gale (about (75–88\ \text{km/h})), and a strong breeze (about (39–49\ \text{km/h})). Hence the highest wind speed is expected in a hurricane.

(b) Foreign Direct Investement

FDI stands for Foreign Direct Investment — investment made by a company or individual of one country into business interests located in another country. (Note: the option is misspelled in the paper; the correct spelling is "Investment".)

(c) Afghan Afghani

Afghanistan's national currency is the Afghan Afghani (AFN), subdivided into 100 puls.

(None of the above) The regulator for stock markets in Nepal is the Securities Board of Nepal (SEBON), established under the SEBON Act, 1992. NEPSE is the stock exchange (the market itself), NRB is the central bank, MoF is the finance ministry, and the Company Registrar's Office handles company registration. Since SEBON is not listed among the options, the given MCQ is flawed.

(d) Service sector

Nepal's economy is dominated by the service sector, which contributes roughly 60% of GDP — far more than agriculture, manufacturing or the cooperative/corporate sectors.

(c) Credit cards

Credit cards are called plastic money because they are made of plastic and are used to make payments without carrying cash. Bearer cheques, demand drafts and gift cheques are all paper-based instruments.

(d) Bulgaria

Sofia is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria. (Italy's capital is Rome, Mauritius's is Port Louis, and Denmark's is Copenhagen.)

(c) Instant noodles

CG Group (Chaudhary Group) is best known for its Wai Wai instant noodles brand. Its other businesses include cement (CG Cement) and blades (CG Blades), but the trade name most widely identified with the group is instant noodles.

(d) Fluorine

Excess fluoride intake (fluorosis) causes dental and skeletal fluorosis and is linked to cataract formation; manganese, carbon dioxide and propane are not the main causes.

(b) Air Nepal International

Rastriya Beema Sansthan, Nepal Telecom and DDC (Dairy Development Corporation) are all government-owned or government-controlled public sector undertakings, whereas Air Nepal International is a private airline.

(d) Italy

Aurora is a well-known Italian manufacturer of luxury fountain pens and writing instruments, founded in Turin in 1919.

(a) Earthquake

Seismology is the branch of science that studies earthquakes, seismic waves and the internal structure of the Earth.

(a) Lebanon

Beirut is the capital and largest city of Lebanon.

(c) Music

A sonata is a musical composition (usually for one or two instruments), so it is associated with music.

(c) Satellite

The moon is a natural satellite — it revolves around a planet (Earth), whereas planets revolve around a star and stars produce their own light.

(d) Chitwan

The direct Butwal–Dhangadhi bus runs west along the East–West (Mahendra) Highway, passing through Lamahi (Dang), Kohalpur (Banke) and the Tikapur area of Kailali before reaching Dhangadhi. Chitwan lies far to the east of Butwal, in the opposite direction, so it is not on this route.

(a) Rajasthan

Mount Abu is a hill station in the Sirohi district of Rajasthan, near the Gujarat border. It is the only hill station in Rajasthan. The highest peak of the Aravalli Range is Guru Shikhar, located on Mount Abu.

(c) The Hague, Netherlands

The International Court of Justice (ICJ), the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, is headquartered at the Peace Palace in The Hague, Netherlands.

(c) Modihola

The Modi Khola suspension bridge in Kaski district is regarded as the oldest bridge of Nepal. The other options — Chisapani (Karnali), Trisuli and Koshi — are sites of much later, mostly modern bridges.

(d) India

India is Nepal's largest trading partner, accounting for the largest share of both Nepal's imports and exports due to the open border, geographical proximity, and the 1950 Treaty of Peace and Friendship between Nepal and India.

(d) Darchula

The 30 MW Chameliya Hydropower Project (spelled "Charneliya" in the question) is a run-of-river project on the Chameliya River in Darchula district, Sudurpashchim Province.

(c) Ministry of Finance

Under the Nepal Rastra Bank Act, 2058, the Nepal Rastra Bank submits its annual report to the Government of Nepal through the Ministry of Finance within three months of the end of each fiscal year. The Ministry of Finance then lays this report before Parliament on behalf of the government.

(c) Bhutan

Bhutan was the first country in the world to ban the sale of all tobacco products nationwide (Tobacco Control Act 2010, following the 2004 ban), so cigarettes cannot be legally sold anywhere in its territory.

(a) British Airways

Korean Air, SilkAir and Qatar Airways all operate regular scheduled passenger services to Tribhuvan International Airport, Kathmandu. British Airways withdrew its Kathmandu service (it suspended the London–Kathmandu route in 2009) and does not currently have regular passenger flights to Kathmandu.

(c) 5

The UN Security Council has five permanent members — China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States — each holding veto power. The other ten members are elected for two-year terms.

(c) 4 years

The Summer Olympic Games are held once every four years (the Olympiad cycle). The last Summer Games were Paris 2024, and the next will be Los Angeles 2028.

(b) Hotel Himalaya

Hotel Himalaya is a privately owned hotel run by the private sector, whereas Rastriya Beema Sansthan, Nepal Telecom and the Dairy Development Corporation (DOC) are government-owned public sector undertakings.

(d) NATO

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) is a military alliance of North American and European countries formed in 1949 for collective defence. NAFTA, ASEAN and EEC are economic/trade groupings, not military alliances.

(a) Ghorahi

Ghorahi lies north of the East–West Highway in Dang district, so buses from Bharatpur to Kohalpur do not pass through it. The direct route goes via Butwal, Gorusinghe and Lamahi.

(b) Cricket

A "clean sweep" means winning every match in a series, a term most commonly used in cricket (e.g., winning all matches of a bilateral series).

(b) South Korea

This question dates from Ban Ki-moon's term (2007-2016), when the UN Secretary-General was from South Korea. The current Secretary-General, António Guterres (since 2017), is from Portugal, which is not among the options, so (b) is the expected key only for the older paper.

(d) D

Sunlight (UV-B rays) acts on 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin to synthesise vitamin D, which is why it is called the "sunshine vitamin".

(d) Gorkha

The Manakamana Temple stands on a hilltop at about 1,302 m in Gorkha district (Sahid Lakhan Rural Municipality), and is reached by cable car from Kurintar in Chitwan.

(a) Japan

Japan has the highest life expectancy at birth among the given options — about 84 years. Its universal health coverage, low obesity, healthy diet and low homicide/infant mortality rates keep it at the top of world life-expectancy rankings. (Switzerland, Australia and South Korea all follow closely at roughly 83–84 years.)

(a) Earthquakes

Seismology is the branch of science that studies earthquakes, the seismic waves they produce, and the structure of the Earth's interior.

(d) Tokyo

Tokyo is the world's largest metropolitan area, with a population of over 37 million in the Greater Tokyo Area — far ahead of New Delhi (about 32 million), London (about 9–10 million) and Paris (about 11 million).

(a) Bidya Devi Bhandari

Bidya Devi Bhandari became Nepal's first woman President in October 2015 and served two terms until March 2023. (Onsari Gharti was the first woman Speaker of the Legislature-Parliament, not President.)

(a) Afghanistan

SAARC was founded in 1985 in Dhaka by seven countries — Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Afghanistan joined later, in 2007, as its eighth member.

(d) Hetauda

The direct route from Biratnagar to Kathmandu runs via Dharan, Itahari, Bardibas and Sindhuli (the Bardibas–Sindhuli road), then on to Kathmandu. Hetauda lies to the west on the East–West Highway and is not on this direct route.

(d) Kanchanpur

Mahendranagar (now Bhimdatta) is the headquarters town of Kanchanpur district in Sudurpashchim Province, and the well-known temple of that name lies within this district. The other options — Jhapa, Ilam and Dang — are districts in eastern and mid-western Nepal and do not contain Mahendranagar.

(a) Lumbini

Siddhartha Gautama (Gautam Buddha) was born in Lumbini, in present-day Rupandehi district of Nepal, around 563 BCE. Kapilvastu was his childhood home and kingdom, while Tilaurakot and Devdaha are other ancient Shakya sites — but the birthplace is Lumbini.

(c) Archimedes

Archimedes of Syracuse is said to have run through the streets shouting "Eureka!" ("I have found it") after discovering the principle of buoyancy while stepping into his bath.

(b) They are Chess champions

Bobby Fischer was a former World Chess Champion, and the other names are also associated with chess champions/players.

(d) Chrysanthemum

Japan's national flower is the chrysanthemum (the Imperial Seal of Japan is a chrysanthemum, and the Cherry Blossom is the de facto national flower).

(a) Thermometer

Sanctorius (Santorio Santorio) developed an early clinical thermometer in 1612, using it to measure the temperature of the human body.

(d) Cash Cow

In the BCG matrix, a cash cow is a business unit with a high market share in a low-growth market. It generates more cash than it needs for its own growth, so it provides a steady, dependable source of income that funds the rest of the business (stars and question marks).

(d) Himalaya

Kantipur, The Himalayan Times and Nagarik are all national daily newspapers of Nepal. Himalaya (Himalaya Times) is not a daily — it is published as a weekly.

(b) Football

James Rodríguez is a Colombian professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder and has represented Colombia in international tournaments.

(d) Dhanurved

The four Vedas are Rig Ved, Yajur Ved, Samaved and Atharved. Dhanurved (the science of archery) is an Upaveda, not one of the four Vedas.

(b) Capital Gain tax

Capital gain tax is levied on the profit (capital gain) earned when a capital asset — such as land, building or shares — is sold for more than its purchase cost. Property tax is on ownership of property, windfall tax is on sudden unexpected profits, and income tax is the general tax on regular income.

(a) Japan

Super Typhoon Neoguri formed in the Western Pacific in July 2014 and struck Japan's Okinawa islands before making landfall in Kyushu, making it the strongest storm of that season in the region.

(d) Duck-billed Platypus

The duck-billed platypus is a monotreme — a mammal that lays eggs instead of giving birth to live young. Kiwi, emu and ostrich are all birds, not mammals.

(b) Lee Majors

Lee Majors starred as Colonel Steve Austin in the 1970s American television series The Six Million Dollar Man.

(a) The largest Industrial democracies

The G-7 (Group of Seven) is an informal forum of the world's major advanced economies — the United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Japan and Canada — which are the largest industrial democracies. It is not based on atomic power (India, Pakistan, Israel have nuclear weapons but are not members) nor on UN veto power (Russia and China hold vetoes but are not in the G-7).

(a) Departmental store

A departmental store is defined as a large retail outlet owned and operated by a single agency (one management) that sells a wide variety of goods and services under one roof, divided into separate departments. A supermarket is only a large self-service grocery store, a shopping mall houses many independent shops, and a chain store is a network of branches of the same shop rather than one single outlet.

(b) Second position

China topped the medal table at the 2008 Beijing Olympics (the unofficial winner, with the most gold medals). At the 2012 London Olympics, China finished second in the medal table behind the United States.

(d) Sri Lanka

The 2012 ICC World Twenty20 was hosted by Sri Lanka (West Indies beat the hosts in the final at Colombo).

(c) Gross Disposal Income

Remittances are unilateral current transfers from abroad, not payments for domestic production or factor services. So they are not included in GDP (domestic production) or GNP (factor income of nationals). They enter the national accounts at the disposable income stage, i.e. Gross National Disposable Income.

(b) 4.6%

Nepal's Economic Survey for fiscal year 2068/69 (2011–12) estimated real GDP growth at 4.6%, recovering from the low 3.8% of the previous year on the strength of agriculture and remittance-driven services.

(d) Offering at prices higher than the face value

When shares are issued at a price above their face (par) value, the excess amount is called the premium — so a share of face value Rs 100 issued at Rs 120 is a premium offering.

(d) Enterprises employing less than 10 person with up to Rs. 200000 investment

As per Nepal's Industrial Enterprises Act (2076), a micro enterprise is one whose fixed capital investment (excluding land and building) does not exceed Rs 2,00,000 and which employs fewer than 10 persons. Such micro/cottage enterprises are the smallest category, below small, medium and large industries.

(a) India

India is Nepal's largest export destination, accounting for roughly two-thirds of Nepal's total exports, followed by the USA and China.

(c) Exchange of goods with goods

Barter trade is the direct exchange of goods and services for other goods and services without the use of money.

(d) Bhutan

Druk Air (Royal Bhutan Airlines) is the national flag carrier airline of Bhutan, based at Paro International Airport.

(d) Value added tax

VAT is charged on the sale (turnover) of goods and services at each stage of production and distribution, with credit given for tax already paid on inputs. Income tax is on income, excise duty on the manufacture of specific goods, and tariff on imports.

(d) Rupihyah

Thailand's currency is the Baht (Bhat), so Indonesia's currency is the Rupiah (Rupihyah).

(c) A joint venture Bank with State Bank of India

Nepal SBI Bank Ltd. was established in 1993 as a joint venture between State Bank of India (SBI), the Employees Provident Fund (EPF) and the Agricultural Development Bank of Nepal (ADBN). SBI is the major foreign promoter, but the bank is a separate Nepali entity registered in Nepal, so it is a joint venture rather than a branch or a fully owned subsidiary.

(c) Environmental protection

The UNEP Global 500 Roll of Honour was established in 1987 by the United Nations Environment Programme to recognise individuals and organisations for outstanding contributions to environmental protection.

(d) Andorra

Lesotho, Vatican City and San Marino are each surrounded entirely by a single country (South Africa for Lesotho; Italy for Vatican City and San Marino). Andorra is bordered by two countries — France and Spain — so it is not locked inside a single country.

(a) Asia and Europe

The historical Silk Route was a network of trade paths that connected China and other parts of Asia with the Mediterranean world of Europe, carrying silk, spices and ideas between the two continents.

(b) Solukhumbu

Nepal has eight peaks above 8,000 m. Solukhumbu holds three of them: Everest (8,848 m), Lhotse (8,516 m) and Cho Oyu (8,188 m), the last two on the Nepal-Tibet border. Makalu lies in Sankhuwasabha and Kanchenjunga in Taplejung, so no other district has as many.

(d) Japan

Among the given options, Japan has the largest stock exchange — the Tokyo Stock Exchange, which is one of the biggest in the world and the largest in Asia. The others (Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan) are much smaller in market capitalisation.

(b) Shanker Koirala

Shanker Koirala was appointed Chief Secretary of Nepal in 2021, becoming the senior-most bureaucrat of the country. (The other names — Madhav Ghimire, Leela Mani Poudel and Yubraj Bhusal — held other high administrative posts.)

(d) The Great wall of China

Astronauts have traditionally cited the Great Wall of China as the only man-made structure visible from the moon with the naked eye, because of its immense length (over 21,000 km) and its winding course across the landscape. (In practice, later astronauts clarified that it is barely, if at all, visible from the moon, but this remains the standard exam answer.)

(a) UAE

The tallest building in the world at present is the Burj Khalifa (828 m), located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

(a) Nepal

The 18th SAARC Summit was held in Kathmandu in November 2014, after which Nepal took over the chairmanship. The 19th Summit, scheduled to be hosted by Pakistan, has been postponed indefinitely, so Nepal continues to hold the chair.

(b) Suryanath Upadhyay

A three-member recommendation committee headed by former secretary Suryanath Upadhyay selected Kul Man Ghising as the Managing Director of the Nepal Electricity Authority in 2016.

(b) Humla

Ghana Shyam Acharya, a human rights activist who worked for the rights of marginalised communities in the remote Humla district, was honoured by the National Service Centre (INSEC) with the Prakash Human Rights Award.

(b) Gorkhapatra

Pramod Adhikari, winner of the National Education Journalist Award, is associated with the daily Gorkhapatra.

(d) Chure

Terai TV, Himalaya TV and Mountain TV are television channels operating in Nepal, while Chure is a geographical region (the Chure hills) and not a television channel.

(a) Mahadev

Mahadev (Shiva) is called Devadidev — "God of Gods" — in Hindu mythology, a title that literally means the greatest among the gods. The name Mahadev itself translates to "the great god".

(b) Amber Gurung

The national anthem of Nepal, "Sayaun Thunga Phool Ka Hami," was written by Pradeep Kumar Rai (Byakul Maila) and its music was composed by Amber Gurung. It was officially adopted as the national anthem in 2007.

(b) Vishwa Samvad

The weekly tabloid Vishwa Samvad, brought out simultaneously from Kathmandu and New York, was inaugurated in Kathmandu on 2 August 2011 by Nilambar Acharya, who was then Chairman of the Constitution Committee. The "New York" in options (c) and (d) is only a distractor — the paper's name itself did not carry the city.

(c) July 18

The UN General Assembly declared 18 July — Nelson Mandela's birthday — as Mandela International Day in November 2009, first observed in 2010.

(b) Television Channel

"NEPAL" was launched as a new television channel brand. It is not a radio station, newspaper or educational institution.

(c) Dirham

The currency of the United Arab Emirates is the UAE Dirham (AED). The rial is used by Iran, Oman and Yemen; the Saudi Riyal by Saudi Arabia; and the Ringgit by Malaysia.

(d) 64.13%

In the SLC examination of 2066 BS (2009 AD), about 64.13% of the examinees passed. (The nearby figure 64.2% is often quoted for a slightly different count, but the standard textbook figure for 2066 BS is 64.13%.)

(c) Tourism

Tourism is widely regarded as the world's largest industry by employment and contribution to global GDP, and it is the standard answer in Nepali GK books.

(a) Dr. Sanduk Ruit

Dr. Sanduk Ruit of the Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology is credited with developing low-cost, sutureless (stitch-free) cataract surgery, and he received the CNAS Asia Brand Builder of the Year Award for this contribution.

(c) Dr. Suresh Chalise

Dr. Suresh Chalise served as Nepal's ambassador to the United Kingdom at the time this question was set. The other names are not associated with that post.

(b) US $100,000

The Gautam Buddha International Peace Award, instituted by the Government of Nepal in 2013 (2070 BS), is the country's biggest international award. It is conferred every two years on individuals or organisations working for world peace, and carries a cash prize of US $100,000 along with a citation.

(a) India, Brazil, Germany and Japan

The G-4 is a group of four nations — Brazil, Germany, India and Japan — that mutually support each other's bid for permanent seats on the United Nations Security Council.

(d) 456 MW

The Upper Tamakoshi Hydroelectric Project, located in Dolakha district on the Tamakoshi River, has an installed capacity of 456 MW. It is Nepal's largest hydropower project and was brought into full commercial operation in 2021.

(b) Natural Beauty Cream for Men

Cologne is a men's fairness/beauty cream brand marketed in Nepal and India.

(b) Laxmi Bank

Laxmi Bank launched the "One Account One Tax" campaign to encourage every Nepali to open at least one bank account and to pay taxes through the banking channel, thereby promoting financial inclusion and a cashless, tax-paying culture.

(c) 51st

Tribhuvan University was established in 1959 AD (2016 BS), so its anniversary on July 20, 2010 marked the completion of 51 years — the 51st anniversary.

(d) Brazil

The 2014 FIFA World Cup was held in Brazil — the first World Cup hosted in South America since Argentina in 1978. Germany won the tournament, beating Argentina 1–0 in the final at the Maracanã in Rio de Janeiro.

(c) Columbia

Shakira is a singer from Colombia (Barranquilla). She performed "Waka Waka (This Time for Africa)" at the 2010 FIFA World Cup kickoff concert in Johannesburg, South Africa.

(d) None of the above

The 2010 Nobel Prize in Economics went to Peter A. Diamond, Dale T. Mortensen and Christopher A. Pissarides for their work on markets with search frictions. Elinor Ostrom and Oliver F. Williamson won the prize in 2009, not 2010.

(a) Luxembourg

Luxembourg had the highest per capita income (GDP per capita) in 2017 — roughly US$105,000 — owing to its small population and its role as a major financial and banking hub. Switzerland, Japan and Australia all rank high but well below Luxembourg.

(b) 1768

Prithvi Narayan Shah conquered Kantipur (Kathmandu) in 1825 BS, i.e. 1768 AD. Patan was also conquered in 1768, but Bhaktapur (Bhadgaon) was conquered in 1769.

(a) The largest industrial democracies

The G-7 (Group of Seven) is an informal forum of the world's major advanced economies — the USA, UK, France, Germany, Italy, Japan and Canada — i.e. the largest industrial democracies. It is not restricted to Europe (option c is wrong), and India, Pakistan, Israel etc. have nuclear power but are not G-7 members (option b is wrong).

(d) Chrysanthemum

Japan's national flower is the chrysanthemum — the imperial throne is even called the Chrysanthemum Throne. (The cherry blossom is the country's de facto national flower, but among the given options, chrysanthemum is the correct answer.)

(b) Lee Majors

Lee Majors starred as Colonel Steve Austin, the bionic man, in the 1970s TV series The Six Million Dollar Man.

(a) Earthquakes

Seismology is the branch of science that studies earthquakes, the seismic waves they produce, and the structure of the Earth's interior.

(d) Jakarta

The 18th Asian Games (2018) were held in Jakarta and Palembang, Indonesia.

(c) Archimedes

Archimedes of Syracuse is said to have run through the streets naked shouting "Eureka" ("I have found it") after discovering the principle of buoyancy while stepping into a bath.

(d) Duck-billed Platypus

The duck-billed platypus is a mammal (a monotreme) that lays eggs, whereas the kiwi, emu and ostrich are all birds.

(a) Thermometer

Sanctorius (Santorio Santorio) developed the clinical thermometer in 1612, using it to measure body temperature.

(b) Home page

The main or first page of a website that opens when you enter the site's address is called the home page. It usually contains the site's introduction and links to other pages.

(d) 1991

The world's first commercial GSM (2G) phone call was made on 1 July 1991 in Finland by the operator Radiolinja, using a Nokia-built network — the first GSM call in history.

(d) Pyuthan

Swargadwari Temple, a famous pilgrimage site dedicated to Lord Shiva, lies on a hilltop in Pyuthan district (Lumbini Province).

(a) Mahadev

Mahadev (Shiva) is literally "the great god" and is titled Devadidev — god of the gods — in Hindu mythology. Brahma is the creator and Bishnu the preserver, but the epithet "God of Gods" belongs to Mahadev.

(b) They are Chess champions

Mikhail Botvinnik (USSR), Mikhail Tal (USSR), Anatoly Karpov (USSR) and Bobby Fischer (USA) all held the World Chess Championship title.

(c) Rupiah

Thailand's currency is the Baht, so the pair follows "country : its currency". Indonesia's currency is the Rupiah.

(a) 10

ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) has 10 member states: Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. (Timor-Leste is in the process of joining, but is not yet a full member.)

(c) Platinum Jubilee

A 70th anniversary is called the Platinum Jubilee (25th is Silver, 50th is Golden, and 60th is Diamond).

(a) India

Chess is generally accepted to have originated in India, where an early form of the game called chaturanga was played around the 6th century AD. From India it spread to Persia and then to Europe.

(c) Australia

Qantas (Queensland and Northern Territory Aerial Services) is the flag carrier airline of Australia, founded in 1920 and headquartered in Sydney.

(d) Byakul Maila

The lyrics of the national anthem "Sayaun Thunga Phool Ka" were written by Byakul Maila (real name Pradeep Kumar Rai), while its music was composed by Amber Gurung.

(a) Spotlight

The 88th Academy Awards (held in February 2016) gave the Best Picture award to Spotlight. The Revenant won Best Director (Alejandro G. Iñárritu) but not Best Picture.

(c) Hari Banshya Acharya

'China Harayeko Manchhe' (चीन हराएको मान्छे) is the autobiography of the veteran Nepali comedian, actor and writer Hari Bansha Acharya, published in 2072 BS. It recounts his life journey, including the period of the Maoist insurgency when he was displaced from his home.

(a) United States

Miley Cyrus is an American singer and actress, born in Franklin, Tennessee, USA.

(a) Archery

Bhutan's national sport is archery, played with traditional bamboo bows and arrows in two teams, and it is the country's most popular sport.

(b) Football

James Rodríguez is a Colombian professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder; he was the top scorer of the 2014 FIFA World Cup.

(b) Kenya

Kenya is not a Test-playing nation. It has ODI status but has never been a Full Member of the ICC with Test status, whereas Zimbabwe, New Zealand and Bangladesh are all Test-playing nations.

(a) Adam Smith

Adam Smith is called the father of Economics. His 1776 book The Wealth of Nations (full title: An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations) was the first systematic treatment of economics as a separate discipline.

(d) Mosquito

Filaria (filariasis) is caused by the filarial worm Wuchereria bancrofti, which is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito (Culex). Since the worm itself is not listed among the options, the correct choice is the mosquito, which acts as the vector of the disease.

(a) Durand line

The Durand Line is the 2,640 km border between Afghanistan and Pakistan, drawn in 1893 by an agreement between Sir Mortimer Durand of British India and Afghan Amir Abdur Rahman Khan.

(d) Rio de Janeiro

The 2016 Summer Olympics were held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016 — the first Olympic Games held in South America.

(b) Washington DC

The World Bank (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development) is headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States. New York hosts the UN headquarters, Nairobi hosts the UN Environment Programme, and Paris hosts UNESCO.

(d) Ocean depth

A fathometer is a sonar-based echo-sounding instrument that sends sound pulses into water and measures the time taken for the echo to return, giving the depth of the ocean.

(c) Habib Bank Ltd. Pakistan

Himalayan Bank Ltd. was established in 1993 as a joint venture with Habib Bank Ltd. of Pakistan.

(a) Kai Po Che

Kai Po Che! (2013), directed by Abhishek Kapoor, is the film adaptation of Chetan Bhagat's novel The Three Mistakes of My Life. The other options are based on different works — Hello (2008) on One Night at the Call Center, 3 Idiots (2009) on Five Point Someone, and Satyagraha (2013) was inspired by the anti-corruption movement.

(c) 1825 BS

King Prithivi Narayan Shah's Gorkhali forces conquered Kantipur (Kathmandu) in 1825 BS (1768 AD), during the Indra Jatra festival. Patan also fell in 1825 BS, while Bhaktapur fell the following year, in 1826 BS.

(d) Fruit

Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) is a small, tart red berry of the heath family, related to the cranberry and blueberry. It grows wild in cool northern regions and is used in jams, juices and sauces.

(d) Cash Cows

In the BCG matrix, a cash cow is a business unit with a high market share in a low-growth market. It generates more cash than it needs for its own growth, so its surplus funds are used to finance stars and question marks — making it the steady, dependable source of income for the rest of the business.

(a) Karnali

Tikapur Municipality in Kailali District, Sudurpashchim Province, lies on the banks of the Karnali River.

(d) Dhanurveda

The four Vedas are Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda and Atharvaveda. Dhanurveda (the science of archery/warfare) is one of the Upavedas, not a Veda itself.

(d) June 3, 2016

Muhammad Ali died on June 3, 2016, at the age of 74 in Scottsdale, Arizona, after a long battle with Parkinson's disease.