Chapter 5
Computer Fundamentals and Applications
Lok Sewa Aayog (Public Service Commission) past exam questions
Past questions and answers
4 questions set from this chapter. Most repeated first.
- 2081 · 2nd · 1 mark
What is the format of IPv4 address?
A) 16 bit
B) 32 bit
C) 34 bit
D) 64 bit
Answer
(b) 32 bit
An IPv4 address is 32 bits long, written as four 8-bit octets in dotted-decimal form (for example 192.168.1.1).
Answer checked by Claude Haiku · Oct 21, 2026
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- 2081 · 2nd · 1 mark
What is the purpose of Network Address Translation (NAT) in IP networking?
A) To convert private IP address to public IP address
B) To enhance network security
C) To allocate bandwidth among devices
D) To increase the speed of data
Answer
(a) To convert private IP address to public IP address
NAT translates the private IP addresses used inside a local network into a public IP address (and back) so that many devices can share a single public IP for accessing the internet.
Answer checked by Claude Haiku · Oct 21, 2026
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- 2081 · 2nd · 1 mark
A modem is generally connected to ......
A) a telephone line
B) a telephone set
C) a printer
D) a monitor
Answer
(a) a telephone line
A modem (modulator–demodulator) converts digital data from a computer into analog signals that can travel over the telephone network, so it is connected to a telephone line (RJ-11 socket) to send and receive data.
Answer checked by Claude Haiku · Oct 21, 2026
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- 2081 · 2nd · 5 marks
Draw a generic block diagram of a typical computer system.
5
Answer
Block Diagram of a Typical Computer System
┌───────────────┐ ┌───────────────┐
│ INPUT UNIT │ │ OUTPUT UNIT │
│ (Keyboard, │ │ (Monitor, │
│ Mouse, │ │ Printer, │
│ Scanner…) │ │ Speaker…) │
└───────┬───────┘ └───────▲───────┘
│ │
│ ┌─────────────────────┐ │
│ │ CONTROL UNIT (CU) │ │
└───────►│ │───────┘
│ ┌─────────────┐ │
┌───────────────►│ │ ALU │ │◄──────────────┐
│ │ └─────────────┘ │ │
│ │ REGISTERS │ │
│ └──────────┬──────────┘ │
│ │ │
│ ┌────────▼────────┐ │
│ │ MEMORY UNIT │ │
└─────────────────►│ (RAM / ROM / │◄────────────────┘
│ Cache) │
└─────────────────┘
Main Blocks and Their Functions
| Block | Function |
|---|---|
| Input Unit | Accepts data and instructions from the user and converts them into binary form (e.g. keyboard, mouse, scanner). |
| CPU (Central Processing Unit) | The brain of the computer; it processes data and controls all other units. It consists of: |
| • ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) | Performs all arithmetic operations (+, −, ×, ÷) and logical operations (AND, OR, NOT, comparison). |
| • Control Unit (CU) | Fetches instructions, decodes them and generates control signals to direct the flow of data among all units. |
| • Registers | Small, very fast storage inside the CPU used to hold data, addresses and intermediate results during processing. |
| Memory Unit | Stores data, instructions and results. Primary memory (RAM/ROM/cache) is directly accessible to the CPU; secondary memory (HDD/SSD) stores data permanently. |
| Output Unit | Converts the processed binary result into human-readable form (e.g. monitor, printer, speaker). |
Working (Data Flow)
- Data is entered through the input unit.
- The control unit fetches the instruction from memory and decodes it.
- The ALU performs the required operation on the data held in registers.
- The result is stored back in memory.
- Finally, the result is presented to the user through the output unit.
All these units are interconnected by the system bus (data bus, address bus and control bus), which carries data, addresses and control signals between the CPU, memory and I/O devices.
Answer checked by Claude Haiku · Oct 21, 2026
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Questions from Nepal Telecom Telecom Technician Lok Sewa (Telecom Technician 4th, Technical · 2nd · 2081). Answers are written for this site; check them against your class notes.