Chapter 6
Microbial Diseases and Immunology
MBBS and BDS entrance past exam questions
Past questions and answers
36 questions set from this chapter. Most repeated first.
- 2023 · NEET-UG (India) · 4 marks
Match List I with List II.
List I List II A. Ringworm I. Haemophilus influenzae B. Filariasis II. Trichophyton C. Malaria III. Wuchereria bancrofti D. Pneumonia IV. Plasmodium vivax
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(a) A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
(b) A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
(c) A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV
(d) A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I
Similar questions: Diseases and pathogens (2021 · NEET-UG (India))
Answer
(a) A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
Ringworm is caused by Trichophyton, filariasis by Wuchereria bancrofti, malaria by Plasmodium vivax and pneumonia by Haemophilus influenzae (among others).
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- 2021 · NEET-UG (India) · 4 marks
Match List - I with List - II.
List - I List - II (a) Filariasis (i) Haemophilus influenzae (b) Amoebiasis (ii) Trichophyton (c) Pneumonia (iii) Wuchereria bancrofti (d) Ringworm (iv) Entamoeba histolytica
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(a) (a)-(iv), (b)-(i), (c)-(iii), (d)-(ii)
(b) (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii)
(c) (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(iii)
(d) (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iv)
Similar questions: Diseases and pathogens (2023 · NEET-UG (India))
Answer
(b) (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii)
Filariasis is caused by Wuchereria bancrofti, amoebiasis by Entamoeba histolytica, pneumonia by Haemophilus influenzae (and Streptococcus), and ringworm by the fungus Trichophyton.
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- 2016 · NEET-UG (India) · 4 marks
In higher vertebrates, the immune system can distinguish self-cells and non-self. If this property is lost due to genetic abnormality and it attacks self-cells, then it leads to:
(a) Graft rejection
(b) Auto-immune disease
(c) Active immunity
(d) Allergic response
Answer
(b) Auto-immune disease
When the immune system loses the ability to distinguish self from non-self and attacks body cells, the result is auto-immunity (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis). Graft rejection is a response to foreign tissue, and allergy is an exaggerated response to an external antigen.
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- 2016 · NEET-UG (India) · 4 marks
Antivenom injection contains preformed antibodies while polio drops that are administered into the body contain:
(a) Harvested antibodies
(b) Gamma globulin
(c) Attenuated pathogens
(d) Activated pathogens
Answer
(c) Attenuated pathogens
Oral polio vaccine contains live attenuated (weakened) poliovirus, which stimulates the body to make its own antibodies (active immunity). Antivenom gives readymade antibodies (passive immunity). Activated or virulent pathogens would cause the disease itself.
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- 2016 · NEET-UG (India) · 4 marks
Asthma may be attributed to:
(a) allergic reaction of the mast cells in the lungs
(b) inflammation of the trachea
(c) accumulation of fluid in the lungs
(d) bacterial infection of the lungs
Answer
(a) allergic reaction of the mast cells in the lungs
Asthma is a difficulty in breathing with wheezing caused by inflammation of bronchi and bronchioles, triggered by an allergic reaction involving mast cells. Tracheal inflammation is tracheitis, fluid in lungs is pulmonary oedema, and bacterial lung infection is pneumonia.
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- 2016 · NEET-UG (India) · 4 marks
Which of the following is correct regarding AIDS causative agent HIV?
(a) HIV does not escape but attacks the acquired immune response.
(b) HIV is enveloped virus containing one molecule of single-stranded RNA and one molecule of reverse transcriptase.
(c) HIV is enveloped virus that contains two identical molecules of single-stranded RNA and two molecules of reverse transcriptase.
(d) HIV is unenveloped retrovirus.
Answer
(c) HIV is enveloped virus that contains two identical molecules of single-stranded RNA and two molecules of reverse transcriptase.
HIV is a retrovirus with a lipid envelope and a genome of two identical ssRNA molecules, along with two copies of reverse transcriptase. It attacks helper T cells and thereby the acquired immune response, so (a) is poorly worded and (b), (d) are factually wrong.
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- 2016 · NEET-UG (India) · 4 marks
Which of the following sets of diseases is caused by bacteria?
(a) Herpes and influenza
(b) Cholera and tetanus
(c) Typhoid and smallpox
(d) Tetanus and mumps
Answer
(b) Cholera and tetanus
Cholera (Vibrio cholerae) and tetanus (Clostridium tetani) are bacterial. Herpes, influenza, smallpox and mumps are viral; typhoid is bacterial but is paired with viral smallpox in (c).
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- 2015 · NEET-UG (India) · 4 marks
Which of the following immunoglobulins does constitute the largest percentage in human milk?
(a) IgD
(b) IgM
(c) IgA
(d) IgG
Answer
(c) IgA
Colostrum and human milk are rich in secretory IgA, which protects the infant gut. IgG crosses the placenta but is a minor component of milk.
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- 2015 · NEET-UG (India) · 4 marks
If you suspect major deficiency of antibodies in a person, to which of the following would you look for confirmatory evidence?
(a) Fibrinogen in plasma
(b) Serum albumins
(c) Haemocytes
(d) Serum globulins
Answer
(d) Serum globulins
Antibodies are immunoglobulins, which are gamma-globulin proteins in plasma. A deficiency would show up in serum globulins. Fibrinogen is for clotting, albumin for osmotic balance, and haemocytes are blood cells.
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- 2015 · NEET-UG (India) · 4 marks
Which of the following diseases is caused by protozoan?
(a) Syphilis
(b) Influenza
(c) Babesiosis
(d) Blastomycosis
Answer
(c) Babesiosis
Babesiosis is caused by the protozoan Babesia. Syphilis is bacterial (Treponema), influenza is viral, and blastomycosis is fungal.
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- 2014 · NEET-UG (India) · 4 marks
At which stage of HIV infection does one usually show symptoms of AIDS?
(a) When the viral DNA is produced by reverse transcriptase.
(b) Within 15 days of sexual contact with an infected person.
(c) When the infected retrovirus enters host cells.
(d) When HIV damages large number of helper T-Lymphocytes.
Answer
(d) When HIV damages large number of helper T-Lymphocytes.
HIV infects helper T cells (CD4), and after a latent period their number falls sharply. Immunity fails and opportunistic infections appear, which is when AIDS symptoms show. Reverse transcription, cell entry and early infection are silent steps, and symptoms do not appear within 15 days.
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- 2013 · NEET-UG (India) · 4 marks
Infection of Ascaris usually occurs by:
(a) Drinking water containing eggs of Ascaris
(b) Eating imperfectly cooked pork
(c) Tse-tse fly
(d) Mosquito bite
Answer
(a) Drinking water containing eggs of Ascaris
Ascaris infection is faecal-oral: embryonated eggs from contaminated water, food or soil are swallowed. Pork is linked with the tapeworm Taenia solium, and the tse-tse fly and mosquito transmit trypanosomes and malaria/filaria, respectively.
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- 2013 · NEET-UG (India) · 4 marks
The cell-mediated immunity inside the human body is carried out by:
(a) T-lymphocytes
(b) B-lymphocytes
(c) Thrombocytes
(d) Erythrocytes
Answer
(a) T-lymphocytes
T-lymphocytes mediate cell-mediated immunity, e.g. graft rejection, by attacking infected or foreign cells directly. B-lymphocytes produce antibodies (humoral immunity). Thrombocytes help clotting and erythrocytes carry oxygen.
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- 2017 · NEET-UG (India) · 4 marks
Which of the following statements is correct ?
(a) Acquired immunity is pathogen specific.
(b) The exaggerated response of the immune system to certain antigens present in the environment is called Auto-immunity.
(c) Bone marrow acts as a filter of the blood by trapping blood borne micro-organisms.
(d) AIDS is caused by a group of viruses called rhinovirus.
Answer
(a) Acquired immunity is pathogen specific.
Acquired (adaptive) immunity is specific to each pathogen and has memory. An exaggerated response to environmental antigens is allergy, not auto-immunity. The spleen, not bone marrow, filters blood, and AIDS is caused by HIV, a retrovirus, not rhinovirus.
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- 2017 · NEET-UG (India) · 4 marks
Match Column - I with Column - II and select the correct option.
Column - I Column - II (a) Plasmodium (i) Ringworm (b) Wuchereria (ii) Amoebiasis (c) Entamoeba (iii) Elephantiasis (d) Microsporum (iv) Malaria
(a) (a)-(iv), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iii)
(b) (a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii)
(c) (a)-(i), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iv)
(d) (a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
Answer
(d) (a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
Plasmodium causes malaria, Wuchereria causes elephantiasis (filariasis), Entamoeba causes amoebiasis, and Microsporum, a fungus, causes ringworm.
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- 2018 · NEET-UG (India) · 4 marks
In which disease does mosquito transmitted pathogen cause chronic inflammation of lymphatic vessels ?
(a) Ringworm disease
(b) Ascariasis
(c) Elephantiasis
(d) Amoebiasis
Answer
(c) Elephantiasis
Lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis) is caused by the nematode Wuchereria bancrofti (or W. malayi), which is transmitted by Culex mosquitoes. The adult worms live in the lymphatic vessels and cause chronic inflammation and swelling of the limbs and genitalia. Ringworm is fungal, ascariasis is a roundworm infection spread by contaminated food, and amoebiasis is a protozoal infection.
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- 2018 · NEET-UG (India) · 4 marks
Which of the following is not an autoimmune disease ?
(a) Alzheimer's disease
(b) Rheumatoid arthritis
(c) Psoriasis
(d) Vitiligo
Answer
(a) Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder with accumulation of amyloid plaques and tau tangles, and it is not caused by the immune system attacking self. Rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and vitiligo are all autoimmune: the immune system attacks the joints, skin cells and melanocytes respectively.
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- 2019 · NEET-UG (India) · 4 marks
Colostrum, the yellowish fluid, secreted by mother during the initial days of lactation is very essential to impart immunity to the newborn infants because it contains :
(a) Natural killer cells
(b) Monocytes
(c) Macrophages
(d) Immunoglobulin A
Answer
(d) Immunoglobulin A
Colostrum, the first milk, is rich in IgA antibodies, which give the newborn passive (natural) immunity, especially in the gut. It also has some IgG. NK cells, monocytes and macrophages are cells of the innate system and are not the essential immunity-giving component here.
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- 2019 · NEET-UG (India) · 4 marks
Which of the following sexually transmitted diseases is not completely curable ?
(a) Gonorrhoea
(b) Genital warts
(c) Genital herpes
(d) Chlamydiasis
Answer
(c) Genital herpes
Genital herpes is a viral disease (HSV), and antivirals only control it, as the virus stays latent in nerve cells. Gonorrhoea and chlamydiasis are bacterial and are cured by antibiotics. Genital warts (HPV) are viral too, but the question key treats herpes as the incurable one.
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- 2019 · NEET-UG (India) · 4 marks
Which of the following immune responses is responsible for rejection of kidney graft ?
(a) Auto-immune response
(b) Humoral immune response
(c) Inflammatory immune response
(d) Cell-mediated immune response
Answer
(d) Cell-mediated immune response
Graft rejection is a cell-mediated immune response by T-lymphocytes, which recognise the foreign MHC antigens of the graft. Autoimmunity is against self tissue and the humoral response is by antibodies, so they are not the main cause of kidney graft rejection.
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- 2019 · NEET-UG (India) · 4 marks
Identify the correct pair representing the causative agent of typhoid fever and the confirmatory test for typhoid.
(a) Plasmodium vivax / UTI test
(b) Streptococcus pneumoniae / Widal test
(c) Salmonella typhi / Anthrone test
(d) Salmonella typhi / Widal test
Answer
(d) Salmonella typhi / Widal test
Typhoid is caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi, and the Widal test (agglutination of patient serum with the antigen) confirms it. Plasmodium vivax causes malaria and Streptococcus pneumoniae causes pneumonia. The Anthrone test is used for estimating carbohydrate, not typhoid.
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- 2020 · NEET-UG (India) · 4 marks
Match the following diseases with the causative organism and select the correct option.
Column - I Column - II (a) Typhoid (i) Wuchereria (b) Pneumonia (ii) Plasmodium (c) Filariasis (iii) Salmonella (d) Malaria (iv) Haemophilus
(a) (a)-(i), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iv)
(b) (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii)
(c) (a)-(ii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)
(d) (a)-(iv), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iii)
Answer
(b) (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii)
Typhoid is caused by Salmonella, pneumonia by Haemophilus (Streptococcus) pneumoniae, filariasis by Wuchereria, and malaria by Plasmodium.
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- 2020 · NEET-UG (India) · 4 marks
Identify the wrong statement with reference to immunity.
(a) When exposed to antigen (living or dead) antibodies are produced in the host's body. It is called "Active immunity".
(b) When ready-made antibodies are directly given, it is called "Passive immunity".
(c) Active immunity is quick and gives full response.
(d) Foetus receives some antibodies from mother, it is an example for passive immunity.
Answer
(c) Active immunity is quick and gives full response.
This is the wrong statement. Active immunity is slow and takes time to build a full response, since the body must make its own antibodies. Passive immunity gives ready-made antibodies and acts quickly. Statements (a), (b) and (d) are correct, and antibodies from the mother to the foetus are passive.
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- 2020 · NEET-UG (India) · 4 marks
Select the option including all sexually transmitted diseases.
(a) Gonorrhoea, Syphilis, Genital herpes
(b) Gonorrhoea, Malaria, Genital herpes
(c) AIDS, Malaria, Filaria
(d) Cancer, AIDS, Syphilis
Answer
(a) Gonorrhoea, Syphilis, Genital herpes
All three are sexually transmitted infections. Malaria and filaria are vector-borne diseases, and cancer is not an infection. AIDS is an STD, but the options that include malaria, filaria or cancer are wrong.
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- 2022 · NEET-UG (India) · 4 marks
Given below are two statements:
Statement I: Autoimmune disorder is a condition where body defense mechanism recognizes its own cells as foreign bodies.
Statement II: Rheumatoid arthritis is a condition where body does not attack self cells.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(a) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
(b) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct
(c) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
(d) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
Answer
(a) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
In autoimmune disorders the immune system fails to distinguish self from non-self and attacks the body's own cells. Rheumatoid arthritis is a classic autoimmune disease, so Statement II (body does not attack self cells) is wrong.
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- 2022 · NEET-UG (India) · 4 marks
Select the incorrect statement with respect to acquired immunity.
(a) Anamnestic response is due to memory of first encounter.
(b) Acquired immunity is non-specific type of defense present at the time of birth.
(c) Primary response is produced when our body encounters a pathogen for the first time.
(d) Anamnestic response is elicited on subsequent encounters with the same pathogen.
Answer
(b) Acquired immunity is non-specific type of defense present at the time of birth.
Acquired immunity is pathogen-specific and develops during life; non-specific defence present at birth is innate immunity. The primary response on first exposure and the memory-based anamnestic response on re-exposure are correctly stated.
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- 2023 · NEET-UG (India) · 4 marks
Which one of the following common sexually transmitted diseases is completely curable when detected early and treated properly?
(a) Genital herpes
(b) Gonorrhoea
(c) Hepatitis-B
(d) HIV Infection
Answer
(b) Gonorrhoea
Gonorrhoea is bacterial and curable with antibiotics if treated early. Genital herpes, hepatitis-B and HIV are viral and cannot be completely cured.
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- 2023 · NEET-UG (India) · 4 marks
In which blood corpuscles, the HIV undergoes replication and produces progeny viruses?
(a) TH cells
(b) B-lymphocytes
(c) Basophils
(d) Eosinophils
Answer
(a) TH cells
HIV enters helper T cells (TH cells, CD4+) through the CD4 receptor. Inside, reverse transcriptase makes viral DNA, which integrates into the host genome and replicates to produce progeny viruses. This steadily lowers TH cell numbers and weakens immunity. B-lymphocytes, basophils and eosinophils are not the main replication sites.
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- 2024 · NEET-UG (India) · 4 marks
Which of the following are Autoimmune disorders?
A. Myasthenia gravis
B. Rheumatoid arthritis
C. Gout
D. Muscular dystrophy
E. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(a) C, D & E only
(b) A, B & D only
(c) A, B & E only
(d) B, C & E only
Answer
(c) A, B and E only
Myasthenia gravis, rheumatoid arthritis and SLE are autoimmune disorders. Gout is caused by uric acid crystal deposition, a metabolic disorder. Muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder.
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- 2024 · NEET-UG (India) · 4 marks
Match List I with List II.
List I List II A. Typhoid I. Fungus B. Leishmaniasis II. Nematode C. Ringworm III. Protozoa D. Filariasis IV. Bacteria
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(a) A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I
(b) A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV
(c) A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
(d) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
Answer
(c) A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
Typhoid is bacterial (Salmonella typhi). Leishmaniasis is caused by a protozoan (Leishmania). Ringworm is a fungal infection. Filariasis is caused by a nematode (Wuchereria).
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- 2024 · NEET-UG (India) · 4 marks
Match List I with List II.
List I List II A. Common cold I. Plasmodium B. Haemozoin II. Typhoid C. Widal test III. Rhinoviruses D. Allergy IV. Dust mites
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(a) A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I
(b) A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I
(c) A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV
(d) A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV
Answer
(d) A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV
Common cold is caused by rhinoviruses. Haemozoin is the toxic pigment released from RBCs in malaria (Plasmodium). The Widal test diagnoses typhoid. Allergy is triggered by allergens such as dust mites.
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- 2024 · NEET-UG (India) · 4 marks
Given below are two statements :
Statement I: Bone marrow is the main lymphoid organ where all blood cells including lymphocytes are produced.
Statement II: Both bone marrow and thymus provide micro environments for the development and maturation of T-lymphocytes.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(a) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct.
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.
(c) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.
(d) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect.
Answer
(d) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
Bone marrow is the main lymphoid organ where all blood cells, including lymphocytes, are produced. B-cells mature in the bone marrow, but T-cells mature in the thymus, so Statement II is wrong.
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- 2025 · NEET-UG (India) · 4 marks
Identify the statement that is NOT correct.
(a) Each antibody has two light and two heavy chains.
(b) The heavy and light chains are held together by disulfide bonds.
(c) Antigen binding site is located at C-terminal region of antibody molecules.
(d) Constant region of heavy and light chains are located at C-terminus of antibody molecules.
Answer
(c) Antigen binding site is located at C-terminal region of antibody molecules.
This statement is NOT correct. The antigen-binding site is formed by the variable regions of the heavy and light chains at the N-terminal (amino) ends of the Y-shaped molecule. The constant regions lie at the C-terminus, so (d) is correct; (a) and (b) are also correct (HL held by disulfide bonds).
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- 2025 · NEET-UG (India) · 4 marks
After maturation, in primary lymphoid organs, the lymphocytes migrate for interaction with antigens to secondary lymphoid organ(s)/tissue(s) like:
A. thymus
B. bone marrow
C. spleen
D. lymph nodes
E. Peyer's patches
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(a) B, C, D only
(b) A, B, C only
(c) E, A, B only
(d) C, D, E only
Answer
(d) C, D, E only
Thymus and bone marrow are primary lymphoid organs where lymphocytes mature. After maturation they migrate to secondary lymphoid organs and tissues: spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, Peyer's patches and MALT. A and B are primary organs, so options including them are wrong.
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- 2025 · NEET-UG (India) · 4 marks
Which of the following type of immunity is present at the time of birth and is a non-specific type of defence in the human body?
(a) Acquired Immunity
(b) Innate Immunity
(c) Cell-mediated Immunity
(d) Humoral Immunity
Answer
(b) Innate Immunity
Innate immunity is present from birth and is non-specific, with barriers, phagocytes, NK cells, fever and so on. Acquired immunity is pathogen-specific and develops after exposure. Cell-mediated and humoral immunity are the two arms of acquired immunity.
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- 2021 · NEET-UG (India) · 4 marks
Veneral diseases can spread through :
(a) Using sterile needles
(b) Transfusion of blood from infected person
(c) Infected mother to foetus
(d) Kissing
(e) Inheritance
Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
(a) (a), (b) and (c) only
(b) (b), (c) and (d) only
(c) (b) and (c) only
(d) (a) and (c) only
Answer
(c) (b) and (c) only
Venereal (sexually transmitted) infections such as HIV and hepatitis B also spread by transfusion of infected blood and from infected mother to foetus. Sterile needles do not spread them, kissing is not a typical route, and they are not inherited.
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