Biology

(c) sanguivorous Only the female Anopheles mosquito feeds on blood (she needs it for egg development), and blood-feeding animals are called sanguivorous. It carries the malaria parasite Plasmodium. Frugivorous means fruit-eating and insectivorous means insect-eating.

(c) nutrition Plants are autotrophs and make their own food by photosynthesis, whereas animals are heterotrophs and depend on other organisms for food.

(a) carbon dating The age of fossils is found by radiocarbon (carbon-14) dating, which compares the remaining C-14 with its known half-life of about 5730 years.

(a) life, energy, and matter An ecosystem is built on living organisms, the flow of energy (from the sun through food chains) and the cycling of matter (water, carbon, nitrogen and so on).

(a) change of blood temperature with respect to its surrounding Cold-blooded (poikilothermic) animals such as fish, frogs and reptiles cannot regulate their body temperature, so it varies with the surroundings.

(d) Phototropism Phototropism is the directional growth of a plant part in response to light, as when shoots bend toward the light. Geotropism is the response to gravity, hydrotropism to water and thermotropism to temperature.

(b) spores A mushroom is a fungus, and fungi reproduce mainly by spores, which are released from the gills under the cap.

(c) nuclear envelope reappears In telophase the chromosomes reach the poles and uncoil, the nuclear envelope re-forms around each set and the nucleoli reappear. The nuclear envelope disappears in prophase.

(d) four daughter cell is formed Meiosis consists of two successive divisions, giving four haploid daughter cells from one diploid parent cell.