Chapter 13 · 8 hours
Population and migration
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9 questions set from this chapter. Most repeated first.
- 2080 Chaitra · Karnali · 8 marks
These days many people are migrating to the cities from villages for various reasons. This has made the villages nearly empty and the cities crowded. Write an essay in about 200 words describing at least four reasons why people are migrating to the cities. (8)
Answer
Why People Migrate to Cities
Migration from villages to cities has been rapidly increasing in Nepal. As a result, villages are becoming empty and cities are overcrowded. People leave their native places for several reasons.
The first reason is the search for employment. Villages offer few jobs other than farming, while cities have industries, offices, shops and businesses where people can earn a better income. The second reason is education. Good schools, colleges and universities are mostly in cities, so parents move there for their children's future. Third, health facilities are poor in villages. Quality hospitals and specialist doctors are found in cities, so people shift to be near them. The fourth reason is modern facilities such as roads, electricity, internet, entertainment and markets, which attract the young generation. Natural disasters like floods and landslides, conflict and lack of security also force some families to leave the villages.
In conclusion, people migrate to cities in search of a better life. The government should develop villages by creating jobs and providing schools and hospitals there, so that migration can be balanced and cities do not become overcrowded.
Answer checked by Claude Sonnet · Oct 21, 2026
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- 2081 Chaitra · Madhesh · 8 marks
A large number of youths, students and professionals are migrating to the city areas in Nepal. Write an essay in about 200 words on the causes and effects of this trend.
Answer
Causes and Effects of Migration to Cities
Nowadays, a large number of youths, students and professionals in Nepal are moving to city areas such as Kathmandu, Pokhara and Biratnagar. This trend has both causes and effects.
The main causes are better education, job opportunities, health care and modern facilities in the cities. Students go there for good colleges, professionals for high salaries and careers, and youths for a more comfortable and exciting life. Lack of employment, poor infrastructure and weak services in villages push them away.
This trend has several effects. On the positive side, the migrants get better education, skills and income, and they send money to their families. However, there are many negative effects. Cities become overcrowded, which increases traffic jams, pollution, house rent and pressure on water, electricity and other services. Slums and crime may increase. Meanwhile, villages lose their young and skilled people, farmland is left barren and agriculture suffers.
To solve this, the government should create jobs, schools, hospitals and roads in rural areas and encourage local industries and agriculture. If villages develop, the pressure on cities will reduce and the country will develop in a balanced way.
Answer checked by Claude Sonnet · Oct 21, 2026
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- 2081 Chaitra · Karnali · 8 marks
Migration of many students and professionals abroad every year has caused a number of problems in the economy of Nepal. Write an essay on "Migration of Nepali Students and Professionals Abroad" expressing your opinions on its causes and effects in about 200 words.
Answer
Migration of Nepali Students and Professionals Abroad
Every year, thousands of Nepali students and professionals such as doctors, engineers and teachers go abroad. This trend has become a serious concern for the economy of Nepal.
There are several causes. The main one is lack of jobs and good pay at home. Many graduates remain unemployed or are poorly paid. Second, students believe that foreign universities offer better quality education and research facilities. Political instability, corruption, poor working conditions and the attraction of a comfortable life abroad also push them to leave.
The effects are both good and bad. Remittances sent by migrants help families and support the national economy. They also gain skills and experience. However, the country loses its skilled and young manpower, which is called brain drain. The money spent on their education is wasted, while the sectors like health, education and technology suffer from a shortage of experts. Villages are left with the old and children, and families are separated.
In my opinion, the government should create jobs, improve universities, offer fair salaries and reduce corruption so that talents want to stay. Also, those who return should be encouraged to use their skills in Nepal. Only then can migration become a benefit rather than a loss.
Answer checked by Claude Sonnet · Oct 21, 2026
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- 2082 Chaitra · Sudurpashchim · 6 marks
Nowadays, many Nepali youths go to foreign countries for jobs and further studies. Write two paragraphs in about 150 words expressing your views about the effects of such trend in Nepal.
Answer
Effects of Youths Going Abroad
Many Nepali youths go to foreign countries for jobs and further studies. This trend has brought some good effects. The money they send home, called remittance, supports their families and makes up a large part of our economy. Moreover, they learn new skills, technology and ideas, and some bring them back to Nepal when they return. It also reduces the pressure of unemployment at home.
However, the trend has serious negative effects too. The country is losing its young, energetic and skilled people, which causes brain drain and a shortage of manpower in farming, health and education. Old parents are left alone and families are separated, which creates emotional problems. Many villages look empty and the farmland is barren. Some youths also suffer from low wages, cheating and unsafe work abroad. In my opinion, the government should create jobs and quality education in Nepal so that youths can use their abilities in their own country.
Answer checked by Claude Sonnet · Oct 21, 2026
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- 2080 Chaitra · Koshi · 5 marks
Read the following text and fill in the blanks with correct information from the text. (5x1=5)
UNFPA, the United Nations Population Fund, is a voluntary-funded international organization with a presence in over 150 countries, including Nepal. UNFPA is guided by the Programme of Action of the 1994 Cairo International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) and the Sustainable Development Goals. Its mission is to ensure that every pregnancy is wanted, every childbirth is safe and every young person's potential is fulfilled.
Position: Operations and Compliance Analyst
Location: Kathmandu, Nepal
Full/Part time: Full Time
Fixed term/Temporary: Fixed Term
Rotational/Non Rotational: Non-rotational
Duration: 1 Year Initially with the possibility of extension
Deadline: 9 February 2024 by 5:30 PM NPT
Links: https://nepal.unfpa.org/en/vacancies
The Operations and Compliance Analyst provides support on financial management, assurance activities, financial reporting and will provide dedicated operational support to facilitate the implementation and delivery of projects. S/he provides guidance and support to the Project Coordination Specialist, EWPN, and other Project Managers in strategically undertaking financial functions.
The position will be based at the UNFPA country office, Kathmandu, and will work under the guidance and direct supervision of the International Operations Manager.
This is an advertisement for the post of (I)....... The details of the advertisement can be found in the organization's (II) ....... The prospective candidate will provide support for managing (III)........... Upon selection, the candidate is expected to provide (IV)....... to other staff such as Project Managers in (V) .......... financial operations.
Position: Operations and Compliance Analyst
Location: Kathmandu, Nepal
Full/Part time: Full Time
Fixed term/Temporary: Fixed Term
Rotational/Non Rotational: Non-rotational
Duration: 1 Year Initially with the possibility of extension
Deadline: 9 February 2024 by 5:30 PM NPT
Links: https://nepal.unfpa.org/en/vacancies
The Operations and Compliance Analyst provides support on financial management, assurance activities, financial reporting and will provide dedicated operational support to facilitate the implementation and delivery of projects. S/he provides guidance and support to the Project Coordination Specialist, EWPN, and other Project Managers in strategically undertaking financial functions.
The position will be based at the UNFPA country office, Kathmandu, and will work under the guidance and direct supervision of the International Operations Manager.
Similar questions: UNFPA vacancy notice: questions (2080 Chaitra · Koshi)
Answer
This is an advertisement for the post of (I) Operations and Compliance Analyst. The details of the advertisement can be found in the organization's (II) website (vacancies page, https://nepal.unfpa.org/en/vacancies). The prospective candidate will provide support for managing (III) financial management, assurance activities, financial reporting and project operations. Upon selection, the candidate is expected to provide (IV) guidance and support to other staff such as Project Managers in (V) strategically undertaking financial operations.
Answer checked by Claude Sonnet · Oct 21, 2026
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- 2080 Chaitra · Koshi · 5 marks
Read the text in 3.1 and answer the following questions. (5x1=5)
UNFPA, the United Nations Population Fund, is a voluntary-funded international organization with a presence in over 150 countries, including Nepal. UNFPA is guided by the Programme of Action of the 1994 Cairo International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) and the Sustainable Development Goals. Its mission is to ensure that every pregnancy is wanted, every childbirth is safe and every young person's potential is fulfilled.
Position: Operations and Compliance Analyst
Location: Kathmandu, Nepal
Full/Part time: Full Time
Fixed term/Temporary: Fixed Term
Rotational/Non Rotational: Non-rotational
Duration: 1 Year Initially with the possibility of extension
Deadline: 9 February 2024 by 5:30 PM NPT
Links: https://nepal.unfpa.org/en/vacancies
The Operations and Compliance Analyst provides support on financial management, assurance activities, financial reporting and will provide dedicated operational support to facilitate the implementation and delivery of projects. S/he provides guidance and support to the Project Coordination Specialist, EWPN, and other Project Managers in strategically undertaking financial functions.
The position will be based at the UNFPA country office, Kathmandu, and will work under the guidance and direct supervision of the International Operations Manager.
I. What does UNFPA stand for?
II. Write one important task that UNFPA ensures.
III. How long is the selected candidate likely to work for?
IV. Where will the selected candidate work?
V. Who will supervise the works of the selected candidate?
Position: Operations and Compliance Analyst
Location: Kathmandu, Nepal
Full/Part time: Full Time
Fixed term/Temporary: Fixed Term
Rotational/Non Rotational: Non-rotational
Duration: 1 Year Initially with the possibility of extension
Deadline: 9 February 2024 by 5:30 PM NPT
Links: https://nepal.unfpa.org/en/vacancies
The Operations and Compliance Analyst provides support on financial management, assurance activities, financial reporting and will provide dedicated operational support to facilitate the implementation and delivery of projects. S/he provides guidance and support to the Project Coordination Specialist, EWPN, and other Project Managers in strategically undertaking financial functions.
The position will be based at the UNFPA country office, Kathmandu, and will work under the guidance and direct supervision of the International Operations Manager.
Similar questions: UNFPA vacancy notice: fill blanks (2080 Chaitra · Koshi)
Answer
I. UNFPA stands for the United Nations Population Fund.
II. UNFPA ensures that every pregnancy is wanted (or that every childbirth is safe, or that every young person's potential is fulfilled).
III. The selected candidate is likely to work for one year initially, with the possibility of extension.
IV. The selected candidate will work at the UNFPA country office in Kathmandu, Nepal.
V. The International Operations Manager will supervise the work of the selected candidate.
Answer checked by Claude Sonnet · Oct 21, 2026
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- 2081 Chaitra · Gandaki · 10 marks
Read the text and do the tasks that follow.
Call for Expression of Interest for Video Production for Child Fund Japan - Nepal Office, Lalitpur, Nepal
Notice Publication date : 03 Janaury, 2025
Child Fund Japan Nepal Office (CFJNO) is a child-focused international development organization committed to promoting the rights of children through international development cooperation in the spirit of harmonious coexistence.
Child Fund Japan Nepal Office is seeking interested and eligible External Individual Consultants or Consulting Firms in Nepal to provide video production services :
- to document the transformative impact and capture the achievement and milestones of the sponsorship programme, showcasing their role in driving sustainable educational development in Dhading and Sindhupalchowk districts and,
- documenting the impact of migration on children, schools and community in Baglung district.
The proposals for both assignments must be written in English and submitted through a single application. Interested Nepali firms/organizations or individuals can submit their Expression of Interest (EOI). Please submit your EOI and the required documents electronically to info@childfund.org.np. The proposal received after the deadline will not be considered for evaluation.
Deadline for submission : 12 January, 2025 before 17:00 hours Nepal Time
All rights are reserved with CFJNO either to approve or disapprove any proposal without giving reasons whatsoever. If needed, the applicants will be asked for modifications and presentations of the application/proposal before approval.
A. Fill in the blanks with the correct information from the text and complete the sentences. 5×1=5
(i) The advertisement was published on …..
(ii) Child Fund Japan-Nepal promotes ……….
(iii) EOI stands for ………….
(iv) Interested firms and individuals can submit their proposal to ….
(v) The applicants may be called for the …..... of their proposal if necessary.
B. Answer the following questions. 5×1=5
(i) Where is the advertiser's office located?
(ii) What does CFJNO stand for?
(iii) What will the video production service document in Baglung?
(iv) What is the last date to submit the proposal?
(v) Who has the right for approval of the proposal?
Notice Publication date : 03 Janaury, 2025
Child Fund Japan Nepal Office (CFJNO) is a child-focused international development organization committed to promoting the rights of children through international development cooperation in the spirit of harmonious coexistence.
Child Fund Japan Nepal Office is seeking interested and eligible External Individual Consultants or Consulting Firms in Nepal to provide video production services :
- to document the transformative impact and capture the achievement and milestones of the sponsorship programme, showcasing their role in driving sustainable educational development in Dhading and Sindhupalchowk districts and,
- documenting the impact of migration on children, schools and community in Baglung district.
Deadline for submission : 12 January, 2025 before 17:00 hours Nepal Time
All rights are reserved with CFJNO either to approve or disapprove any proposal without giving reasons whatsoever. If needed, the applicants will be asked for modifications and presentations of the application/proposal before approval.
Answer
A. Fill in the blanks
(i) The advertisement was published on 03 January, 2025.
(ii) Child Fund Japan-Nepal promotes the rights of children (through international development cooperation).
(iii) EOI stands for Expression of Interest.
(iv) Interested firms and individuals can submit their proposal to info@childfund.org.np (electronically).
(v) The applicants may be called for the modifications and presentations of their proposal if necessary.
B. Answers
(i) The advertiser's office is located in Lalitpur, Nepal.
(ii) CFJNO stands for Child Fund Japan Nepal Office.
(iii) The video production service will document the impact of migration on children, schools and the community in Baglung district.
(iv) The last date to submit the proposal is 12 January, 2025 before 17:00 hours Nepal Time.
(v) Child Fund Japan Nepal Office (CFJNO) has the right to approve or disapprove the proposal.
Answer checked by Claude Sonnet · Oct 21, 2026
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- 2082 Chaitra · Koshi · 5+5 marks
Read the text and do the tasks.
Like marathon runners, birds pace themselves so they do not run out of energy before they can land. They are always adjusting speed, height, and flight path to account for changing winds, their own weight, and storms. In the spring, they retrace their paths back to their summer homes. Each fall, about five billion birds migrate south for the winter from North America. Nearly all 500 of the 650 species of North American birds migrate. Yet this is just one small part of the picture. More than half of all the bird species in the world-approximately 5,000 species-migrate, and each species is on a different journey.
Other animal species also migrate, including insects, amphibians, reptiles, fish, and mammals. Migration is happening all the time: Herds of wild beast arrive every January at green pastures in the southern Serengeti of Africa. Swarms of free tailed bats arrive each March to caves in Texas. Northern fur seals gather on Alaskan islands each June. In September, Chinook salmon swim up rivers in Washington State. If you are in the right place at the right time, you can witness these amazing journeys. Yet, no matter where you live, you can see some birds migrating. In fact, much of what we know about migration comes from studying birds.
A. Fill in the blanks with the correct information from the text. (5×1=5)
a. Birds come back to their homes in........season.
b. Many birds from America fly towards........
c. The free tailed bats move to Texas in........
d. We can see........in the rivers of Washington in September.
e. The text is mainly about........of animals.
B. Answer these questions. (5×1=5)
a. Why do birds fly like marathon runners?
b. What do birds do when the weather changes during their flight?
c. How many species of birds are found in North America?
d. Write any two species of animals other than birds that migrate.
e. What should people do to see the amazing journeys of animals?
Other animal species also migrate, including insects, amphibians, reptiles, fish, and mammals. Migration is happening all the time: Herds of wild beast arrive every January at green pastures in the southern Serengeti of Africa. Swarms of free tailed bats arrive each March to caves in Texas. Northern fur seals gather on Alaskan islands each June. In September, Chinook salmon swim up rivers in Washington State. If you are in the right place at the right time, you can witness these amazing journeys. Yet, no matter where you live, you can see some birds migrating. In fact, much of what we know about migration comes from studying birds.
Answer
A. Fill in the blanks
a. Birds come back to their homes in the spring season.
b. Many birds from America fly towards the south.
c. The free tailed bats move to Texas in March.
d. We can see Chinook salmon in the rivers of Washington in September.
e. The text is mainly about the migration of animals.
B. Answers
a. Birds fly like marathon runners because they pace themselves so that they do not run out of energy before they can land.
b. When the weather changes, birds adjust their speed, height and flight path to account for winds and storms.
c. There are 650 species of birds in North America.
d. Fish (such as Chinook salmon) and mammals (such as northern fur seals) also migrate; insects, amphibians and reptiles do as well.
e. To see the amazing journeys of animals, people should be in the right place at the right time.
Answer checked by Claude Sonnet · Oct 21, 2026
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- 2075 · Set EP · 5 marks
The bar diagram below shows castewise data of the students in ABC school in 2074. Study the diagram and write a description of it in about 100 words. (5)
Bar diagram data (number of students):
Group Number of students Brahmin 300 Chhetri 350 Tamang 150 Dalit 200 Others 100
Answer
Caste-wise Students of ABC School in 2074
The bar diagram shows the number of students of different castes in ABC school in 2074. The school has 1,100 students in total.
Chhetri students are the largest group with 350 students, about 32 per cent. They are followed by Brahmin students with 300 (27 per cent) and Dalit students with 200 (18 per cent). There are 150 Tamang students (14 per cent), and students of other castes are the fewest at 100 (9 per cent).
Brahmin and Chhetri students together are 650, which is more than half of all the students. The number of Chhetri students is three and a half times that of the 'Others' group.
In conclusion, the school has students from different castes, but Chhetri and Brahmin students are the majority.
Answer checked by Claude Sonnet · Oct 21, 2026
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Questions from SEE 2081 English (1011), Koshi (Official board paper (text PDF)), SEE 2081 English (1011), Madhesh (Official board paper (text PDF)), SEE 2081 English (1011), Bagmati (Official board paper (text PDF)), SEE 2081 English (1011), Gandaki (Official board paper (text PDF)), SEE 2081 English (1011), Lumbini (Official board paper (text PDF)), SEE 2081 English (1011), Karnali (Official board paper (text PDF)), SEE 2081 English (1011), Sudurpashchim (Official board paper (text PDF)), SEE 2080 English (1011), Koshi (Board exam (scanned PDF)), SEE 2080 English (1011), Madhesh (Board exam (scanned PDF)), SEE 2080 English (1011), Bagmati (Board exam (scanned PDF)), SEE 2080 English (1011), Gandaki (Board exam (scanned PDF)), SEE 2080 English (1011), Lumbini (Board exam (scanned PDF)), SEE 2080 English (1011), Karnali (Board exam (scanned PDF)), SEE 2080 English (1011), Sudurpashchim (Board exam (scanned PDF)), SEE 2080 English (GI-1011), grade increment (Grade-increment exam (scan); held month not stated, check page header), SEE 2081 English (GI-1011), grade increment (Grade-increment exam, 2025 (7 JPG scans); held month not stated, check page header), SEE 2082 English (1011), Koshi (Board exam, Chaitra 2082 (page of JPG images)), SEE 2082 English (1011), Madhesh (Board exam, Chaitra 2082 (page of JPG images)), SEE 2082 English (1011), Bagmati (Board exam, Chaitra 2082 (page of JPG images)), SEE 2082 English (1011), Gandaki (Board exam, Chaitra 2082 (page of JPG images)), SEE 2082 English (1011), Lumbini (Board exam, Chaitra 2082 (page of JPG images)), SEE 2082 English (1011), Karnali (Board exam, Chaitra 2082 (page of JPG images)), SEE 2082 English (1011), Sudurpashchim (Board exam, Chaitra 2082 (page of JPG images)), CDC Class 10 Compulsory English model paper (2080 grid) (Model paper inside the CDC specification grid (text PDF)), SEE 2075 Compulsory English RE-101 'AP' (new course) (Board exam, 2075 (2019), set AP; text PDF linked from the page), SEE 2075 Compulsory English RE-101 'BP' (new course) (Board exam, 2075 (2019), set BP; text PDF linked from the page), SEE 2075 Compulsory English RE-101 'CP' (new course) (Board exam, 2075 (2019), set CP; text PDF linked from the page), SEE 2075 Compulsory English RE-101 'DP' (new course) (Board exam, 2075 (2019), set DP; page images (same paper is also on dhanraj.com.np)), SEE 2075 Compulsory English RE-101 'EP' (new course) (Board exam, 2075 (2019), set EP; text PDF linked from the page), SEE 2075 Compulsory English RE-101 'GP' (new course) (Board exam, 2075 (2019), set GP; text PDF linked from the page), SEE 2075 Compulsory English RE-GE-101 (old course) (Board exam, 2075 (2019), old-course paper; only items that fit the current chapters are used), SEE 2074 Compulsory English RE-101 'AC' (new course) (Board exam, 2074 (2018), set AC; text PDF linked from the page), SEE 2074 Compulsory English RE-101 'CC' (new course) (Board exam, 2074 (2018), set CC; photographed copy, only the printed questions were used), SEE 2074 Compulsory English RE-101 (old course) (Board exam, 2074 (2018), old-course paper; only items that fit the current chapters are used), SEE 2078 (2022) Compulsory English, Reading and Writing (partial paper) (Three page images posted by Educate Nepal as SEE 2078 questions (questions 1 to 3 only)) and SEE Grade Increment 2082 (GI-1011) Compulsory English (Grade-increment exam, 2082 (2026); PDF). Answers are written for this site; check them against your class notes.
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