सामाजिक असमानता र सीमान्तीकरणका आयाम

Refusing a job to a capable person only because he or she is considered too old (or too young) is an example of age-based discrimination.

Poverty is a condition in which a person or family lacks the income and resources needed to meet basic needs such as food, clothing, shelter, education and health care.

Social exclusion is the process by which certain individuals or groups are kept out of, or denied equal access to, the opportunities, resources, services and decision-making of society because of their caste, ethnicity, gender, religion, disability, region or class. For example, Dalits being denied entry to temples or public services in some places.

Discrimination is the unequal or unfair treatment of a person or group because of their caste, gender, ethnicity, religion, age, disability or other social identity.

Caste-based exclusion (the exclusion of Dalits from social, religious and economic life) is one dimension of exclusion in Nepal.

Dimensions of social exclusion:

1. Economic exclusion
2. Social (caste/ethnic) exclusion
3. Political exclusion
4. Cultural exclusion
5. Gender-based exclusion
6. Regional/geographical exclusion

Explanation of economic exclusion:

Economic exclusion is the denial or limitation of access to land, employment, credit, markets and other productive resources for certain groups. In Nepal, landless Dalits, Haliyas, Kamaiyas, small farmers, and people in remote areas often have no land or property, receive low wages and cannot get loans or good jobs. As a result they remain poor, depend on others for their livelihood, and are not able to take part equally in the development of the country.

Inequality is the unequal distribution of wealth, income, power, opportunities, resources and social status among individuals or groups in a society. It means that some people have more and others have less access to the things valued in society, usually because of caste, class, gender, ethnicity or region.

Dimensions of inequality:

1. Economic inequality: Differences in income, property and employment between rich and poor.
2. Social inequality: Unequal status based on caste, ethnicity, religion and gender (for example, caste discrimination).
3. Political inequality: Unequal participation and representation in power and decision-making.
4. Educational inequality: Unequal access to quality education between urban and rural, boys and girls, and different groups.
5. Gender inequality: Unequal opportunities and treatment of women and men and sexual minorities.
6. Regional inequality: Differences in development and services between Terai, hills and mountains, or urban and rural areas.

One reason for exclusion is discrimination based on caste, which prevents certain groups from accessing opportunities and services.